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Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 74 No. 10 3583-3597
© 1991 by American Dairy Science Association ®
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Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition

P. J. Van Soest 1, J. B. Robertson 1, and B. A. Lewis 1

1 Cornell University, Department of Animal Science and Division of Nutritional Sciences, Ithaca, NY

There is a need to standardize the NDF procedure. Procedures have varied because of the use of different amylases in attempts to remove starch interference. The original Bacillus subtilis enzyme Type IIIA (XIA) no longer is available and has been replaced by a less effective enzyme. For fiber work, a new enzyme has received AOAC approval and is rapidly displacing other amylases in analytical work. This enzyme is available from Sigma (Number A3306, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO). The original publications for NDF and ADF (43, 53) and the Agricultural Handbook 379 (14) are obsolete and of historical interest only. Up to date procedures should be followed. Triethylene glycol has replaced 2-ethoxyethanol because of reported toxicity. Considerable development in regard to fiber methods has occurred over the past 5 yr because of a redefinition of dietary fiber for man and monogastric animals that includes lignin and all polysaccharides resistant to mammalian digestive enzymes. In addition to NDF, new improved methods for total dietary fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides including pectin and ß-glucans now are available. The latter are also of interest in rumen fermentation. Unlike starch, their fermentations are like that of cellulose but faster and yield no lactic acid. Physical and biological properties of carbohydrate fractions are more important than their intrinsic composition.

Key Words: dietary fiber • neutral detergent fiber • nonstarch polysaccharides

Submitted on August 31, 1990
Accepted on February 6, 1991




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Short-term dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates and hemicelluloses in young branches of temperate forest trees during bud break
Tree Physiol, July 1, 2009; 29(7): 901 - 911.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. C. Bambou, R. Arquet, H. Archimede, G. Alexandre, N. Mandonnet, and E. Gonzalez-Garcia
Intake and digestibility of naive kids differing in genetic resistance and experimentally parasitized (indoors) with Haemonchus contortus in two successive challenges
J Anim Sci, July 1, 2009; 87(7): 2367 - 2375.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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W. F. Anderson, A. Maas, and P. Ozias-Akins
Genetic Variability of a Forage Bermudagrass Core Collection
Crop Sci., June 26, 2009; 49(4): 1347 - 1358.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Agron. J.Home page
D. Parsons, J. H. Cherney, and P. R. Peterson
Preharvest Neutral Detergent Fiber Concentration of Alfalfa as Influenced by Stubble Height
Agron. J., June 2, 2009; 101(4): 769 - 774.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Professional Animal ScientistHome page
T. M. Hill, H. G. Bateman II, J. M. Aldrich, and R. L. Schlotterbeck
Roughage for Diets Fed to Weaned Dairy Calves
Professional Animal Scientist, June 1, 2009; 25(3): 283 - 288.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Professional Animal ScientistHome page
R. O. Myer, G. M. Hill, G. R. Hansen, and D. W. Gorbet
Evaluation of Whole, In-Shell Peanuts as a Supplemental Feed for Beef Cows
Professional Animal Scientist, June 1, 2009; 25(3): 370 - 374.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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W. Hu and L. Kung Jr.
Effect of dietary ratio of Na:K on feed intake, milk production, and mineral metabolism in mid-lactation dairy cows
J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2009; 92(6): 2711 - 2718.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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G. A. Broderick, M. J. Stevenson, and R. A. Patton
Effect of dietary protein concentration and degradability on response to rumen-protected methionine in lactating dairy cows
J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2009; 92(6): 2719 - 2728.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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Y.-H. Chung, N. E. Brown, C. M. Martinez, T. W. Cassidy, and G. A. Varga
Effects of rumen-protected choline and dry propylene glycol on feed intake and blood parameters for Holstein dairy cows in early lactation
J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2009; 92(6): 2729 - 2736.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. M. Leddin, C. R. Stockdale, J. Hill, J. W. Heard, and P. T. Doyle
Increasing amounts of crushed wheat fed with pasture hay reduced dietary fiber digestibility in lactating dairy cows
J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2009; 92(6): 2747 - 2757.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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G. B. Penner, M. Taniguchi, L. L. Guan, K. A. Beauchemin, and M. Oba
Effect of dietary forage to concentrate ratio on volatile fatty acid absorption and the expression of genes related to volatile fatty acid absorption and metabolism in ruminal tissue
J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2009; 92(6): 2767 - 2781.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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L. Holtshausen, A. V. Chaves, K. A. Beauchemin, S. M. McGinn, T. A. McAllister, N. E. Odongo, P. R. Cheeke, and C. Benchaar
Feeding saponin-containing Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria to decrease enteric methane production in dairy cows
J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2009; 92(6): 2809 - 2821.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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G. A. Broderick and S. M. Reynal
Effect of source of rumen-degraded protein on production and ruminal metabolism in lactating dairy cows
J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2009; 92(6): 2822 - 2834.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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K. J. Hubbard, P. J. Kononoff, A. M. Gehman, J. M. Kelzer, K. Karges, and M. L. Gibson
Short communication: The effect of feeding high protein distillers dried grains on milk production of Holstein cows
J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2009; 92(6): 2911 - 2914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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G. I. Zanton and A. J. Heinrichs
Evaluation of modeling procedure for fitting in situ feed degradation profiles
J Anim Sci, June 1, 2009; 87(6): 2080 - 2088.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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B. Fernandez, R. Bodas, O. Lopez-Campos, S. Andres, A. R. Mantecon, and F. J. Giraldez
Vinasse added to dried sugar beet pulp: Preference rate, voluntary intake, and digestive utilization in sheep
J Anim Sci, June 1, 2009; 87(6): 2055 - 2063.
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J. L. Anderson, K. F. Kalscheur, A. D. Garcia, D. J. Schingoethe, and A. R. Hippen
Ensiling characteristics of wet distillers grains mixed with soybean hulls and evaluation of the feeding value for growing Holstein heifers
J Anim Sci, June 1, 2009; 87(6): 2113 - 2123.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. E. Martinez, M. J. Ranilla, S. Ramos, M. L. Tejido, C. Saro, and M. D. Carro
Evaluation of procedures for detaching particle-associated microbes from forage and concentrate incubated in Rusitec fermenters: Efficiency of recovery and representativeness of microbial isolates
J Anim Sci, June 1, 2009; 87(6): 2064 - 2072.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Journal of Plant RegistrationsHome page
S. D. Cash, P. L. Bruckner, D. M. Wichman, K. D. Kephart, J. E. Berg, R. Hybner, A. N. Hafla, L. M. M. Surber, D. L. Boss, G. R. Carlson, et al.
Registration of 'Willow Creek' Forage Wheat
Journal of Plant Registrations, May 1, 2009; 3(2): 185 - 190.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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G. I. Zanton and A. J. Heinrichs
Digestion and nitrogen utilization in dairy heifers limit-fed a low or high forage ration at four levels of nitrogen intake
J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2009; 92(5): 2078 - 2094.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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K. A. Beauchemin, S. M. McGinn, C. Benchaar, and L. Holtshausen
Crushed sunflower, flax, or canola seeds in lactating dairy cow diets: Effects on methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk production
J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2009; 92(5): 2118 - 2127.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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I. Halachmi, E. Shoshani, R. Solomon, E. Maltz, and J. Miron
Feeding soyhulls to high-yielding dairy cows increased milk production, but not milking frequency, in an automatic milking system
J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2009; 92(5): 2317 - 2325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. Blanch, S. Calsamiglia, N. DiLorenzo, A. DiCostanzo, S. Muetzel, and R. J. Wallace
Physiological changes in rumen fermentation during acidosis induction and its control using a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation in heifers
J Anim Sci, May 1, 2009; 87(5): 1722 - 1730.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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T. L. Stubbs, A. C. Kennedy, P. E. Reisenauer, and J. W. Burns
Chemical Composition of Residue from Cereal Crops and Cultivars in Dryland Ecosystems
Agron. J., April 3, 2009; 101(3): 538 - 545.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Professional Animal ScientistHome page
J. E. Williams, D. E. Spiers, L. N. Thompson-Golden, T. J. Hackman, M. R. Ellersieck, L. Wax, D. P. Colling, J. B. Corners, and P. A. Lancaster
Effects of Tasco in Alleviation of Heat Stress in Beef Cattle
Professional Animal Scientist, April 1, 2009; 25(2): 109 - 117.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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W. Z. Yang and K. A. Beauchemin
Increasing physically effective fiber content of dairy cow diets through forage proportion versus forage chop length: Chewing and ruminal pH
J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2009; 92(4): 1603 - 1615.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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G. B. Penner, L. L. Guan, and M. Oba
Effects of feeding Fermenten on ruminal fermentation in lactating Holstein cows fed two dietary sugar concentrations
J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2009; 92(4): 1725 - 1733.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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G. B. Huntington, K. Magee, A. Matthews, M. Poore, and J. Burns
Urea metabolism in beef steers fed tall fescue, orchardgrass, or gamagrass hays
J Anim Sci, April 1, 2009; 87(4): 1346 - 1353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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E. Molina-Alcaide, M. R. Pascual, G. Cantalapiedra-Hijar, E. Y. Morales-Garcia, and A. I. Martin-Garcia
Effects of concentrate replacement by feed blocks on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth in goats and single-flow continuous-culture fermenters
J Anim Sci, April 1, 2009; 87(4): 1321 - 1333.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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