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Rapid detection of bovine milk in yak milk using a polymerase chain reaction technique

W. L. Bai^*,, R. H. Yin^*, S. J. Zhao, Q. L. Dou, J. C. Yang^*, W. Q. Jiang^*, Z. H. Zhao and G. B. Luo^*,1

^* College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
Animal Science Research Academy of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
College of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

¹ Corresponding author: gbluo{at}yahoo.cn

Yak milk contains a greater percentage of protein and has better quality than bovine milk. There has been an increasing focus on yak milk and milk products during the last few years. In the present study, a PCR-based assay was developed for the specific identification of bovine milk in yak milk by designing 3 primers targeting the mitochondrial ND1 gene. The use of 3 primers in a single PCR reaction set yielded 2 amplification fragments of 293 and 190 bp from bovine milk DNA, whereas only 1 amplification fragment of 293 bp was obtained in yak milk DNA. The technique was applied to raw and heat-treated binary mixtures of yak and bovine milks and enabled the specific detection of bovine milk with a detection limit of 0.1%. The assay developed is sensitive, fast, and straightforward, and it might be useful in the quality control of yak milk and milk products.

Key Words: yak milk • bovine milk • ND1 gene • polymerase chain reaction