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J. Dairy Sci. 2007. 90:3579-3582. doi:10.3168/jds.2006-633
© 2007 American Dairy Science Association ®
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Short Communication: Quantification of the Transmission of Microorganisms to Milk via Dirt Attached to the Exterior of Teats

M. M. M. Vissers*,1, F. Driehuis*, M. C. Te Giffel*, P. De Jong{dagger} and J. M. G. Lankveld{ddagger}

* Department of Health and Safety, and
{dagger} Department of Processing, NIZO Food Research, PO Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, the Netherlands
{ddagger} Chair of Dairy Science, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, the Netherlands

1 Corresponding author: marc.vissers{at}nizo.nl

Pathogens and spoilage microorganisms can be transmitted to milk via dirt (e.g., feces, bedding material, soil, or a combination of these) attached to the exterior of the cows’ teats. To determine the relevance of this pathway and to perform quantitative microbial risk analysis of the microbial contamination of farm tank milk (FTM), it is important to know the amount of dirt transmitted to milk via the exterior of teats. In this study at 11 randomly selected Dutch farms the amount of dirt transmitted to milk via the exterior of teats is determined using spores of mesophilic aerobic bacteria as a marker for transmitted dirt. The amount of transmitted dirt to milk varied among farms from ~3 to 300 mg/L, with an average of 59 mg/L. The usefulness of the data for microbial risk analyses is briefly illustrated using the contamination of FTM with spores of butyric acid bacteria as a case study. In a similar way the data can be used to identify measures to control the contamination of FTM with other microorganisms or chemical residues.

Key Words: risk analysis • raw milk • microbial contamination • spores of mesophilic bacteria






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