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Softer, Higher-Friction Flooring Improves Gait of Cows With and Without Sole Ulcers

F. C. Flower^*,1, A. M. de Passillé, D. M. Weary^*, D. J. Sanderson and J. Rushen

^* Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Food and Land Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
School of Human Kinetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z1

¹ Corresponding author: frances.flower{at}animalcompassionfoundation.org

We studied dairy cows (n = 30) walking on concrete and on a soft, high-friction composite rubber surface to examine how flooring influenced gait and how this differed for cows with hoof lesions. Cows had hooves trimmed 9 wk after the trial and were classified as either with or without sole ulcers. Video recordings of the cows while walking were digitized using motion analysis software to calculate stride variables (length, height, overlap, duration, proportion of triple support, and speed). Gait was scored by a subjective scoring system (1 = sound to 5 = severely lame) and by a continuous visual analog scale for each of 7 gait attributes. Cows with sole ulcers walking on a composite rubber surface had longer strides (156.9 ± 2.6 vs. 149.6 ± 2.6 cm), higher stride heights (9.7 ± 0.3 vs. 8.8 ± 0.3 cm), more stride overlap (0.4 ± 2.0 vs. –4.3 ± 2.0 cm), shorter periods of triple support (3 legs in ground contact; 68.6 ± 2.0 vs. 73.8 ± 2.0%), walked faster (1.22 ± 0.04 vs. 1.17 ± 0.04 m/s) and had lower overall gait scores (2.9 ± 0.1 vs. 3.1 ± 0.1), better tracking-up (19 ± 2 vs. 24 ± 2), better joint flexion (29 ± 2 vs. 33 ± 2), more symmetric steps (31 ± 3 vs. 36 ± 3), and less reluctance to bear weight on their legs (12 ± 2 vs. 16 ± 2) compared with walking on concrete. Similar results were found for cows without sole ulcers. Most of the subjective gait measures could distinguish between cows with and without sole ulcers, but this was not the case for kinematic measures other than stride height. Cows with higher gait scores (more severe lameness) showed the greatest improvement in stride length (r = –0.51), triple support (r = 0.59), swing duration (r = –0.44), overall gait score (r = 0.46), and reluctance to bear weight (r = 0.66) when walking on the rubber surface compared with cows with lower gait scores. These results indicate that rubber flooring provides a more secure footing and is more comfortable to walk on, especially for lame cattle.

Key Words: dairy cattle • lameness • sole ulcer • flooring