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Heat-Treatment of Bovine Colostrum. II: Effects of Heating Duration on Pathogen Viability and Immunoglobulin G

S. Godden^*,1, S. McMartin^*, J. Feirtag, J. Stabel, R. Bey, S. Goyal, L. Metzger, J. Fetrow^*, S. Wells^* and H. Chester-Jones^||

^* Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, and
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and
^|| Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108

¹ Corresponding author: godde002{at}umn.edu

Batches (30-L) of first-milking bovine colostrum, inoculated with Mycoplasma bovis (10⁸ cfu/mL), Listeria monocytogenes (10⁶ cfu/mL), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (10⁶ cfu/mL), Salmonella enteritidis (10⁶ cfu/mL), and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map; 10³ cfu/mL), were heat-treated at 60°C for 120 min in a commercial on-farm batch pasteurizer system. Duplicate 50-mL subsamples of colostrum were collected at 15-min intervals throughout the heat-treatment process for the purpose of bacterial culture and for measurement of IgG concentration (mg/mL) and antibody activity [log₂(bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 serum neutralization titer)]. Four replicate batches of colostrum were run for each of the 5 pathogens studied. There was no effect of heating moderate- to high-quality colostrum at 60°C for at least 120 min on mean IgG concentration (pre = 60.5 mg/mL; post = 59.1 mg/mL). Similarly, there was no effect of heat-treatment on the mean log₂ bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 serum neutralization titer (pre = 12.3; post = 12.0). Viable M. bovis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and S. enteritidis added to colostrum could not be detected after the colostrum was heat-treated at 60°C for 30 min. Average bacteria counts showed that Map was not detected when batches were heated at 60°C for 60 min. Although the authors believe that heat-treating colostrum at 60°C for 60 min should be sufficient to eliminate Map from colostrum in most situations, further research is needed to determine whether these findings may be replicated, given that variability was observed in Map culture results.

Key Words: colostrum • pasteurization • pathogen • immunoglobulin

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