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Treatment of Cycling and Noncycling Lactating Dairy Cows with Progesterone During Ovsynch¹

J. S. Stevenson^*,2, J. R. Pursley, H. A. Garverick, P. M. Fricke, D. J. Kesler^#, J. S. Ottobre^|| and M. C. Wiltbank

^* Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
^# Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
^|| Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210

² Corresponding author: jss{at}k-state.edu

Our objective was to determine whether progesterone (P4) supplementation during an Ovsynch protocol would enhance fertility in lactating dairy cows. Lactating dairy cows (n = 634) at 6 locations were assigned randomly within lactation number and stage of lactation to receive the Ovsynch protocol [OVS; synchronization of ovulation by injecting GnRH 7 d before and 48 h after PGF₂, followed by one fixed-time AI (TAI) 16 to 20 h after the second GnRH injection] or Ovsynch plus a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) P4-releasing insert for 7 d, beginning at the first GnRH injection (OVS + CIDR). Blood was sampled to quantify P4 10 d before the first GnRH injection, immediately before the first GnRH injection, at the time of CIDR removal, before the PGF₂ injection (1 to 2 h after CIDR insert removal), and 48 h after the PGF₂ injection to determine cyclicity status before initiation of treatment, luteal status at the PGF₂ injection, and incidence of luteal regression. Overall, conception rates at 28 (40 vs. 50%) and 56 d (33 vs. 38%) after TAI differed between OVS and OVS + CIDR, respectively; but a treatment x location interaction was detected. Compared with OVS, pregnancy outcomes were more positive for OVS + CIDR cows at 4 of 6 locations 28 d after TAI and at 3 of 6 locations 56 d after TAI. An interaction of luteal status (high vs. low) before CIDR insert removal and PGF₂ injection with pretreatment cycling status indicated that cows having low P4 at PGF₂ injection benefited most from P4 supplementation (OVS + CIDR = 36% vs. OVS = 18%), regardless of pretreatment cycling status. Pregnancy loss between 28 and 56 d after TAI was greater for noncycling cows (31%) compared with cycling cows (16%). Pregnancy loss for cows receiving P4 (21%) did not differ from that for cows not receiving P4 (21%). Supplementation of P4, pretreatment cycling status, and luteal status before PGF₂ injection altered follicular diameters at the time of the second GnRH injection, but were unrelated to pregnancy outcomes. Incidence of multiple ovulation was greater in noncycling than in cycling cows. Further, cows having multiple ovulations had improved pregnancy outcomes at 28 and 56 d after TAI. In summary, a CIDR insert during the Ovsynch protocol increased fertility in lactating cows having low serum P4 before PGF₂ injection. Improved pregnancy outcomes were observed at some, but not all locations.

Key Words: controlled internal drug release • Ovsynch • dairy cow • fertility

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