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Acute Phase Proteins in Bovine Milk in an Experimental Model of Staphylococcus aureus Subclinical Mastitis

P. D. Eckersall^*,1, F. J. Young^*, A. M. Nolan, C. H. Knight, C. McComb^*, M. M. Waterston^*, C. J. Hogarth^*, E. M. Scott and J. L. Fitzpatrick^#

^* Division of Animal Production and Public Health, and
Division of Cell Sciences, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
Hannah Research Institute, Ayr, KA6 5HL, United Kingdom
Department of Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
^# Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 OPZ, United Kingdom

¹ Corresponding author: p.d.eckersall{at}vet.gla.ac.uk

The objectives were to establish the origin of 2 acute phase proteins in milk during subclinical bovine mastitis and to characterize the relationship between those proteins in milk and blood. Haptoglobin (Hp) and mammary-associated serum amyloid A (M-SAA3) appear in milk during mastitis, whereas Hp and serum amyloid A increase in serum during mastitis. The concentrations of these proteins were determined in an experimental model using a field strain of Staphylococcus aureus to induce subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. The expression of mRNA coding for these proteins was assessed and the presence of M-SAA3 in mammary tissues was determined using immunocytochemistry. Increases of M-SAA3 and Hp in milk occurred within 12 h of Staphylococcus aureus infusion, with peak concentrations occurring 3 d after infusion of the bacteria. The increase of acute phase proteins in milk (15 h) preceded the increase in serum concentrations of both proteins (24 h). Expression of mRNA for M-SAA3 and Hp increased in both mammary and hepatic tissues 48 h after infusion of the mammary glands. In mammary tissue, the increase of M-SAA3 mRNA was greater than the increase in Hp mRNA expression, whereas in hepatic tissue, the increase in M-SAA3 mRNA was less than that for Hp mRNA. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that M-SAA3 protein was present within secretory epithelial cells at significantly higher levels in infected mammary glands than in control tissues. These proteins, which have host defense and antibacterial activities, may play a significant role in the early response to invasion of mammary tissues by pathogenic bacteria.

Key Words: acute phase protein • mammary gland • mastitis • Staphylococcus aureus

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