| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
* Centre for Dairy Research, Department of Animal Science, The University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AT, UK
Department of Animal Science, University of Helsinki, FIN 00014 Helsinki, Finland
School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
1 Corresponding author: kevin.shingfield{at}mtt.fi
Based on the potential benefits of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for human health, there is a need to develop effective strategies for enhancing milk fat CLA concentrations. Levels of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk can be increased by supplements of fish oil (FO) and sunflower oil (SO), but there is considerable variation in the response. Part of this variance may reflect time-dependent ruminal adaptations to high levels of lipid in the diet, which lead to alterations in the formation of specific biohydrogenation intermediates. To test this hypothesis, 16 late lactation Holstein-British Friesian cows were used in a repeated measures randomized block design to examine milk fatty acid composition responses to FO and SO in the diet over a 28-d period. Cows were allocated at random to corn silage-based rations (8 per treatment) containing 0 (control) or 45 g of oil supplement/kg of dry matter consisting (1:2; wt/wt) of FO and SO (FSO), and milk composition was determined on alternate days from d 1. Compared with the control, the FSO diet decreased mean dry matter intake (21.1 vs. 17.9 kg/d), milk fat (47.7 vs. 32.6 g/kg), and protein content (36.1 vs. 33.3 g/kg), but had no effect on milk yield (27.1 vs. 26.4 kg/d). Reductions in milk fat content relative to the FSO diet were associated with increases in milk trans-10 18:1, trans-10, cis-12 CLA, and trans-9, cis-11 CLA concentrations (r2 = 0.74, 0.57, and 0.80, respectively). Compared with the control, the FSO diet reduced milk 4:0 to 18:0 and cis 18:1 content and increased trans 18:1, trans 18:2, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, 20:5 n-3, and 22:6 n-3 concentrations. The FSO diet caused a rapid elevation in milk cis-9, trans-11 CLA content, reaching a maximum of 5.37 g/100 g of fatty acids on d 5, but these increases were transient, declining to 2.35 g/100 g of fatty acids by d 15. They remained relatively constant thereafter. Even though concentrations of trans-11 18:1 followed the same pattern of temporal changes as cis-9, trans-11 CLA, the total trans 18:1 content of FSO milk was unchanged because of the concomitant increases in the concentration of other isomers (
4–10 and 12–15), predominantely trans-10 18:1. In conclusion, supplementing diets with FSO enhances milk fat cis-9, trans-11 CLA content, but the high level of enrichment declines because of changes in ruminal biohydrogenation that result in trans-10 replacing trans-11 as the major 18:1 biohydrogenation intermediate formed in the rumen.
Key Words: trans fatty acids • conjugated linoleic acids • polyenoic fatty acid
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. Gomez-Cortes, C. Tyburczy, J. T. Brenna, M. Juarez, and M. A. de la Fuente Characterization of cis-9 trans-11 trans-15 C18:3 in milk fat by GC and covalent adduct chemical ionization tandem MS J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2009; 50(12): 2412 - 2420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Abdelqader, A. R. Hippen, K. F. Kalscheur, D. J. Schingoethe, and A. D. Garcia Isolipidic additions of fat from corn germ, corn distillers grains, or corn oil in dairy cow diets J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2009; 92(11): 5523 - 5533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. Hristov, M. Vander Pol, M. Agle, S. Zaman, C. Schneider, P. Ndegwa, V. K. Vaddella, K. Johnson, K. J. Shingfield, and S. K. R. Karnati Effect of lauric acid and coconut oil on ruminal fermentation, digestion, ammonia losses from manure, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2009; 92(11): 5561 - 5582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Carriquiry, W. J. Weber, C. R. Dahlen, G. C. Lamb, L. H. Baumgard, and B. A. Crooker Fatty acid composition of milk from multiparous Holstein cows treated with bovine somatotropin and fed n-3 fatty acids in early lactation J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2009; 92(10): 4865 - 4875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Thering, D. E. Graugnard, P. Piantoni, and J. J. Loor Adipose tissue lipogenic gene networks due to lipid feeding and milk fat depression in lactating cows J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2009; 92(9): 4290 - 4300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Shingfield, A. Saebo, P.-C. Saebo, V. Toivonen, and J. M. Griinari Effect of abomasal infusions of a mixture of octadecenoic acids on milk fat synthesis in lactating cows J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2009; 92(9): 4317 - 4329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. R. Karnati, J. T. Sylvester, C. V. D. M. Ribeiro, L. E. Gilligan, and J. L. Firkins Investigating unsaturated fat, monensin, or bromoethanesulfonate in continuous cultures retaining ruminal protozoa. I. Fermentation, biohydrogenation, and microbial protein synthesis J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2009; 92(8): 3849 - 3860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Palmquist Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Metabolism, Health, and Nutrition and for Modified Animal Product Foods Professional Animal Scientist, June 1, 2009; 25(3): 207 - 249. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Abdelqader, A. R. Hippen, K. F. Kalscheur, D. J. Schingoethe, K. Karges, and M. L. Gibson Evaluation of corn germ from ethanol production as an alternative fat source in dairy cow diets J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2009; 92(3): 1023 - 1037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. AlZahal, M. M. Or-Rashid, S. L. Greenwood, M. S. Douglas, and B. W. McBride The effect of dietary fiber level on milk fat concentration and fatty acid profile of cows fed diets containing low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2009; 92(3): 1108 - 1116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Devillard, F. M. McIntosh, D. Paillard, N. A. Thomas, K. J. Shingfield, and R. J. Wallace Differences between human subjects in the composition of the faecal bacterial community and faecal metabolism of linoleic acid Microbiology, February 1, 2009; 155(2): 513 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. Oelker, C. Reveneau, and J. L. Firkins Interaction of molasses and monensin in alfalfa hay- or corn silage-based diets on rumen fermentation, total tract digestibility, and milk production by Holstein cows J Dairy Sci, January 1, 2009; 92(1): 270 - 285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Boeckaert, B. Vlaeminck, J. Dijkstra, A. Issa-Zacharia, T. Van Nespen, W. Van Straalen, and V. Fievez Effect of Dietary Starch or Micro Algae Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation and Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, December 1, 2008; 91(12): 4714 - 4727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Boeckaert, B. Vlaeminck, V. Fievez, L. Maignien, J. Dijkstra, and N. Boon Accumulation of trans C18:1 Fatty Acids in the Rumen after Dietary Algal Supplementation Is Associated with Changes in the Butyrivibrio Community Appl. Envir. Microbiol., November 15, 2008; 74(22): 6923 - 6930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Gomez-Cortes, P. Frutos, A. R. Mantecon, M. Juarez, M. A. de la Fuente, and G. Hervas Addition of Olive Oil to Dairy Ewe Diets: Effect on Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Animal Performance J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2008; 91(8): 3119 - 3127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bharathan, D. J. Schingoethe, A. R. Hippen, K. F. Kalscheur, M. L. Gibson, and K. Karges Conjugated Linoleic Acid Increases in Milk from Cows Fed Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles and Fish Oil J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2008; 91(7): 2796 - 2807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Firkins, B. S. Oldick, J. Pantoja, C. Reveneau, L. E. Gilligan, and L. Carver Efficacy of Liquid Feeds Varying in Concentration and Composition of Fat, Nonprotein Nitrogen, and Nonfiber Carbohydrates for Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2008; 91(5): 1969 - 1984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Gomez-Cortes, P. Frutos, A. R. Mantecon, M. Juarez, M. A. de la Fuente, and G. Hervas Milk Production, Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content, and In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation in Response to High Levels of Soybean Oil in Dairy Ewe Diet J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2008; 91(4): 1560 - 1569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. J. Shingfield, A. Arola, S. Ahvenjarvi, A. Vanhatalo, V. Toivonen, J. M. Griinari, and P. Huhtanen Ruminal Infusions of Cobalt-EDTA Reduce Mammary {Delta}9-Desaturase Index and Alter Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Lactating Cows J. Nutr., April 1, 2008; 138(4): 710 - 717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Vlaeminck, G. Mengistu, V. Fievez, L. de Jonge, and J. Dijkstra Effect of In Vitro Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation to Marine Algae-Adapted and Unadapted Rumen Inoculum on the Biohydrogenation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Freeze-Dried Grass J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2008; 91(3): 1122 - 1132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. AlZahal, N. E. Odongo, T. Mutsvangwa, M. M. Or-Rashid, T. F. Duffield, R. Bagg, P. Dick, G. Vessie, and B. W. McBride Effects of Monensin and Dietary Soybean Oil on Milk Fat Percentage and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2008; 91(3): 1166 - 1174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Flowers, S. A. Ibrahim, and A. A. AbuGhazaleh Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Grazing Dairy Cows When Supplemented with Linseed Oil J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2008; 91(2): 722 - 730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. G. Kadegowda, L. S. Piperova, and R. A. Erdman Principal Component and Multivariate Analysis of Milk Long-Chain Fatty Acid Composition During Diet-Induced Milk Fat Depression J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2008; 91(2): 749 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. AbuGhazaleh, D. O. Felton, and S. A. Ibrahim Milk Conjugated Linoleic Acid Response to Fish Oil and Sunflower Oil Supplementation to Dairy Cows Managed Under Two Feeding Systems J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2007; 90(10): 4763 - 4769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Castaneda-Gutierrez, M. J. de Veth, A. L. Lock, D. A. Dwyer, K. D. Murphy, and D. E. Bauman Effect of Supplementation with Calcium Salts of Fish Oil on n-3 Fatty Acids in Milk Fat J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2007; 90(9): 4149 - 4156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Cruz-Hernandez, J. K. G. Kramer, J. J. Kennelly, D. R. Glimm, B. M. Sorensen, E. K. Okine, L. A. Goonewardene, and R. J. Weselake Evaluating the Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Trans 18:1 Isomers in Milk Fat of Dairy Cows Fed Increasing Amounts of Sunflower Oil and a Constant Level of Fish Oil J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2007; 90(8): 3786 - 3801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. AbuGhazaleh and L. D. Holmes Diet Supplementation with Fish Oil and Sunflower Oil to Increase Conjugated Linoleic Acid Levels in Milk Fat of Partially Grazing Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2007; 90(6): 2897 - 2904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Perfield II, A. L. Lock, J. M. Griinari, A. Saebo, P. Delmonte, D. A. Dwyer, and D. E. Bauman Trans-9, Cis-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Milk Fat Synthesis in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2007; 90(5): 2211 - 2218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Shingfield, S. Ahvenjarvi, V. Toivonen, A. Vanhatalo, and P. Huhtanen Transfer of Absorbed cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid into Milk Is Biologically More Efficient than Endogenous Synthesis from Absorbed Vaccenic Acid in Lactating Cows J. Nutr., May 1, 2007; 137(5): 1154 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
