| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
Corresponding author: J. H. Clark; e-mail: jhclark{at}uiuc.edu.
The objective of this article was to review and summarize the significance of the amount and source of dietary crude protein supplements on the supply of nitrogen fractions passing to the small intestine and the performance of lactating dairy cows. A meta-analysis was used to evaluate 2 data sets, one for nitrogen flow to the small intestine and one for performance of cows. The response of dairy cows to rumen-undegradable protein supplements is variable. A portion of this variable response from research trials is explained by the source of crude protein in the control diet, the proportion and source of rumen-undegradable protein in the experimental diet, the effect of rumen-undegradable protein on microbial protein outflow from the rumen, the degradability and amino acid content of the rumen-undegradable protein, and the crude protein percentage of the diet. Compared with soybean meal, the mean milk production responses to feeding rumen-undegradable protein supplements ranged from –2.5 to +2.75%. Because of the large variation and small magnitude of response when rumen-undegradable protein supplements are fed compared with soybean meal, efficiency of nitrogen utilization and the cost to benefit ratio for these crude protein supplements may determine the source and amount of crude protein to feed to dairy cows in the future.
Key Words: dairy cow performance • meta-analysis • nitrogen flow to small intestine • rumen-undegradable protein
Abbreviation key: EAA = essential amino acids, NANMN = nonammonia, nonmicrobial N, RUP mix = a mixture of animal, marine, and/or plant protein, SBM = solvent-extracted soybean meal
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. Huhtanen and A. N. Hristov A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary protein concentration and degradability on milk protein yield and milk N efficiency in dairy cows J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2009; 92(7): 3222 - 3232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Broderick and S. M. Reynal Effect of source of rumen-degraded protein on production and ruminal metabolism in lactating dairy cows J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2009; 92(6): 2822 - 2834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. I. Borucki Castro, L. E. Phillip, H. Lapierre, P. W. Jardon, and R. Berthiaume The Relative Merit of Ruminal Undegradable Protein from Soybean Meal or Soluble Fiber from Beet Pulp to Improve Nitrogen Utilization in Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2008; 91(10): 3947 - 3957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Huhtanen, J. I. Nousiainen, M. Rinne, K. Kytola, and H. Khalili Utilization and Partition of Dietary Nitrogen in Dairy Cows Fed Grass Silage-Based Diets J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2008; 91(9): 3589 - 3599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Awawdeh, E. C. Titgemeyer, J. S. Drouillard, R. S. Beyer, and J. E. Shirley Ruminal Degradability and Lysine Bioavailability of Soybean Meals and Effects on Performance of Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2007; 90(10): 4740 - 4753. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Reynal, I. R. Ipharraguerre, M. Lineiro, A. F. Brito, G. A. Broderick, and J. H. Clark Omasal Flow of Soluble Proteins, Peptides, and Free Amino Acids in Dairy Cows Fed Diets Supplemented with Proteins of Varying Ruminal Degradabilities J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2007; 90(4): 1887 - 1903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. R. Ipharraguerre, S. M. Reynal, M. Lineiro, G. A. Broderick, and J. H. Clark A Comparison of Sampling Sites, Digesta and Microbial Markers, and Microbial References for Assessing the Postruminal Supply of Nutrients in Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2007; 90(4): 1904 - 1919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Brito, G. A. Broderick, J. J. O. Colmenero, and S. M. Reynal Effects of Feeding Formate-Treated Alfalfa Silage or Red Clover Silage on Omasal Nutrient Flow and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2007; 90(3): 1392 - 1404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. I. Borucki Castro, L. E. Phillip, H. Lapierre, P. W. Jardon, and R. Berthiaume Ruminal Degradability and Intestinal Digestibility of Protein and Amino Acids in Treated Soybean Meal Products J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2007; 90(2): 810 - 822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Lanzas, L. O. Tedeschi, S. Seo, and D. G. Fox Evaluation of Protein Fractionation Systems Used in Formulating Rations for Dairy Cattle J Dairy Sci, January 1, 2007; 90(1): 507 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Brito, G. A. Broderick, and S. M. Reynal Effect of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage to corn silage on omasal flow and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2006; 89(10): 3939 - 3953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. O. Colmenero and G. A. Broderick Effect of Dietary Crude Protein Concentration on Ruminal Nitrogen Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2006; 89(5): 1694 - 1703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. O. Colmenero and G. A. Broderick Effect of Dietary Crude Protein Concentration on Milk Production and Nitrogen Utilization in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2006; 89(5): 1704 - 1712. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Firkins, A. N. Hristov, M. B. Hall, G. A. Varga, and N. R. St-Pierre Integration of Ruminal Metabolism in Dairy Cattle J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2006; 89(e_suppl_1): E31 - E51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. R. Ipharraguerre, J. H. Clark, and D. E. Freeman Rumen Fermentation and Intestinal Supply of Nutrients in Dairy Cows Fed Rumen-Protected Soy Products J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2005; 88(8): 2879 - 2892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. R. Ipharraguerre, J. H. Clark, and D. E. Freeman Varying Protein and Starch in the Diet of Dairy Cows. I. Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Intestinal Supply of Nutrients J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2005; 88(7): 2537 - 2555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. R. Ipharraguerre and J. H. Clark Varying Protein and Starch in the Diet of Dairy Cows. II. Effects on Performance and Nitrogen Utilization for Milk Production J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2005; 88(7): 2556 - 2570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
