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-Linolenic Acid Biohydrogenation Intermediates in Milk Fat with Emphasis on Conjugated Linolenic Acids
1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Dairy Research Center (STELA), Université Laval, Sainte Foy, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
2 Naturia Inc., 4220, Rue Garlock, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1L 2P4
Corresponding author: Paul Angers; e-mail: paul.angers{at}fsaa.ulaval.ca.
Ruminal biohydrogenation of 
-linolenic acid is not fully understood compared with that of linoleic acid. Some hypothetical intermediates, that is, conjugated isomers of -linolenic acid (cis-9,trans-11,cis-15 and cis-9,trans-13,cis-15 18:3) have never been reported to occur in ruminant fat. Therefore, milk fat was analyzed using a combination of techniques to characterize -linolenic acid biohydrogenation intermediates. Tandem off-line argentation thin-layer chromatography and high-resolution gas-liquid chromatography using a 120-m highly polar, open tubular capillary column coated with 70% cyanoalkyl polysiloxane equivalent material was used for quantification. Structural characterization of fatty acids was achieved by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry after synthesis of specific azo-derivatives. This study confirmed that minute amounts of -linolenic acid biohydrogenation intermediates are present in milk fat. Routes involved in biohydrogenation of linoleic and -linolenic acids in the rumen and subsequent endogenous metabolism of related biohydrogenation products are discussed.
Key Words: biohydrogenation • conjugated linolenic acid • milk fat • rumelenic acid
Abbreviation key: CLA = conjugated linoleic acid, DMOX = 4,4-dimethyloxazoline, FA = fatty acid, FAME = fatty acid methyl esters, GC-MS = gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
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