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Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19717
Corresponding author: Limin Kung, Jr.; e-mail: lksilage{at}udel.edu.
In 2 consecutive years, whole plant corn was ensiled in laboratory silos to investigate the effects of various silage additives on fermentation, dry matter (DM) recovery and aerobic stability. In yr 1, chopped forage was treated with 1) no additive (untreated, U), 2) Lactobacillus buchneri 40788, 4 x 105 cfu/g of fresh forage (LLB4), 3) L. buchneri 11A44, 1 x 105 cfu/g (PLB), 4) Biomax 5 (Lactobacillus plantarum PA-28 and K-270), 1 x 105 cfu/g (B5), 5) Silo Guard II (sodium metabisulfite and amylase), 0.05% of fresh forage weight (SG), 6) a buffered propionic acid-based additive, 0.1% (Ki-112), 7), sodium benzoate, 0.1% of fresh weight (SB), or 8) potassium sorbate:EDTA (1:1), 0.1% of fresh weight (PSE). Silage treated with LLB4 had the highest concentration of acetic acid compared with other treatments, and yeasts were undetectable in LLB4 (<log2 cfu/g). Silages treated with SB and PSE had the highest concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates, the greatest recoveries of DM, and the lowest concentrations of ethanol. Silages treated with B5, SG, and Ki-112 had no effects on fermentation, DM recovery, or aerobic stability. The aerobic stabilities of silages treated with LLB4, SB, and PSE were greatest among all treatments. In yr 2, treatments were: 1) U, 2) LLB4, 3) PLB, 4) PLB at 4 x 105 cfu/g (PLB4), and 5) B5. Silages treated with L. buchneri had greater concentrations of acetic acid but lower concentrations of ethanol than did U- and B5-treated silages. Yeasts were undetected in all silages except in silage treated with B5, which had the poorest aerobic stability of all treatments. Treatments had no effect on DM recovery. Silages treated with PLB, PLB4, and LLB4 remained stable for >210 h.
Key Words: Lactobacillus buchneri • aerobic stability • corn silage
Abbreviation key: B5 = Biomax 5, added to achieve 1 x 105 cfu/g of fresh forage weight, Ki-112 = a buffered propionic acid-based additive,added at 0.1% of fresh forage weight, LLB4 = Lactobacillus buchneri 40788, 4 x 105 cfu/g, PLB = L. buchneri 11A44, 1 x 105 cfu/g, PLB4 = L. buchneri 11A44, 4 x 105 cfu/g, PSE = potassium sorbate (50%)-EDTA (50%) additive, 0.1%, SB = sodium benzoate, 0.1%, SG = SiloGuard II, 0.05%, U = untreated corn silage, WSC = water-soluble carbohydrates.
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