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Short Communication: Predominance of ß-Casein (CSN2) C Allele in Goat Breeds Reared in Italy

¹ Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milano, Italy
² Fondazione Parco Tecnologico Padano, Centro Ricerche e Studi Agroalimentari, 20090 Segrate (Milano), Italy
³ Dipartimento di Sanità e Benessere Animale, Università di Bari, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy

Corresponding author: Anna Caroli; e-mail: am.caroli{at}veterinaria.uniba.it.

A protocol for the rapid and simultaneous genotyping of A, C, and 0 'CSN2 alleles in goat was developed by single strand conformational polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (SSCP-PCR) technique. Screening the CSN2 variability in 7 goat breeds reared in Italy validated the genotyping test. The SSCP-PCR technique was also suitable for monitoring CSN2 polymorphism. In particular, the discrimination between CSN2*A and CSN2*C is important because the 2 corresponding protein variants cannot be separated by standard typing techniques. The monitoring of CSN2 variability in the goat breeds indicates the predominance of the C allele. In most breeds, CSN2*C occurred with the highest frequency, except in Saanen where CSN2*A and CSN2*C showed similar frequencies. Variant CSN2*C occurred with a frequency of 0.68 (Camosciata), 0.70 (Jonica), 0.71 (Garganica), 0.82 (Maltese), 0.87 (Cilentana), and 0.97 (Orobica). The alignment among the mature CSN2 sequences of different species suggests that CSN2*A is the ancestral allele compared with CSN2*C. Interestingly, the CSN2*A goat variant showed higher frequencies in selected breeds (Saanen and Camosciata).

Key Words: goat • ß-casein • genetic polymorphism • single strand conformational polymorphism

Abbreviation key: CSN2 = ß-casein, IEF = isoelectrofocusing, SSCP = single strand conformational polymorphism

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