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Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Preruminant Calves Fed Whole Milk with Whey Protein Isolate

¹ Department of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
² Department of Animal Production and Grasslands Farming, National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Morioka 020-0198, Japan
³ Department of Information Science and Technology, National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, 305-8666, Japan
⁴ School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan

Corresponding author: Shiro Kushibiki; e-mail: mendoza{at}affrc.go.jp.

The objective was to investigate the acute effects of retinol acetate added to whey protein isolate (WPI) on postprandial changes in plasma retinol (experiment 1) and the acute effects of milk fat added to WPI on triglyceride (TG), chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and fatty acid concentrations (experiment 2) in suckling calves at 1 and 6 wk of age. In experiment 1, 16 Holstein male calves were alloted to 2 equal groups. On the days of measurement, the calves were fed at 0900 h whole milk [4% of body weight (BW)] mixed with vitamin A acetate (500,000 IU) with or without WPI (0.04% of BW). At 1 wk of age, significantly higher postfeeding concentrations of plasma retinol were observed in the calves fed milk with WPI. At 6 wk of age, no differences in the plasma retinol concentrations were observed between 2 groups. On the days of measurement in experiment 2, 16 male calves were fed at 0900 h whole milk (4% of BW) with added milk fat prepared by centrifugation from whole milk (2% of BW) with or without WPI (0.04% of BW). The milk supplemented with fat was prepared on the day before the measurement. At 1 wk of age, significant higher postfeeding concentrations of plasma TG concentrations were obtained in the calves fed WPI than in the control calves, immediately after the meal or from 7 h later onward. Plasma chylomicrons and VLDL concentrations at 1 wk of age were significantly higher in the WPI-fed group than in the control group at 8 h postfeeding. In the calves with the WPI diet, plasma concentrations of myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids at 1 wk of age were significantly higher than those in the control calves at 8 h after feeding. However, chylomicrons and VLDL, and fatty acid concentrations did not differ between the 2 groups after feeding at 6 wk of age. Results indicate that WPI increases plasma lipid concentration of preruminant calves only at 1 wk of age. These data are interpreted to indicate that WPI enhances mainly lipid uptake in the intestines of neonatal calves.

Key Words: whey protein isolate • retinol • triglyceride • fatty acid

Abbreviation key: TG = triglyceride, VLDL = very low density lipoprotein, WPC = whey protein concentrate, WPI = whey protein isolate.