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Expression of Nuclear Receptor and Target Genes in Liver and Intestine of Neonatal Calves Fed Colostrum and Vitamin A

Division of Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, Veterinary Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

Corresponding author: J. W. Blum; e-mail: blum{at}itz.unibe.ch.

Nuclear receptors (NR), including retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors (RAR, RXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) modify the expression of other genes, such as cytochrome p450 enzymes (CYP), sulfotransferases (SULT), and UDP glucuronosyl transferases (UGT). Nuclear receptor expression is influenced by exposure to ligands (e.g., vitamin A). We tested the hypothesis that vitamin A feeding influences the expression of hepatic and intestinal NR and their target genes and that colostrum or formula feeding influence these traits differently. Calves (n = 7/ group) were fed colostrum (CO) or a milk-based formula with or without vitamin A (FA, FO, respectively) for 4 d and were euthanized on d 5, followed immediately by tissue collection. Thereafter, RNA was extracted and gene expression quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Expression relative to housekeeping genes of mRNA was profiled for NR, CYP, SULT, and UGT enzymes. Hepatic mRNA levels of RARß and CYP26 were higher in FA than FO cows; expression of CYP2E1, CYP2C8, CYP26, and UGT1A1 was higher in CO than FO cows; and expression of CYP2E1, UGT1A1, and p450 reductase was higher in CO than FA. In colon tissue, abundance of RXR mRNA was lower in FO than CO, and CYP2B6 expression was lower in FO than in CO and FA. In jejunal tissue, there were no significant differences in gene expression among groups. In conclusion, effects of vitamin A feeding were limited, but colostrum feeding had several selective effects on expression of nuclear receptors and target genes.

Key Words: nuclear receptor • retinoic acid • cytochrome P450 • neonatal calves

Abbreviation key: CAR = constitutive androstane receptor, CO = colostrum-fed group, CYP = cytochrome p450, FA = formula plus vitamin A-fed group, FO = formula-fed group, LRAT = lecithin: retinol acyltransferase, NR = nuclear receptor, PPAR = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, PXR = pregnane X receptor, RA = retinoic acid, RAR = retinoic acid receptor, RXR = retinoid X receptor, SULT = sulfotransferase, UGT = UDP-glucoronosyl transferase.

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