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Effects of Dietary Glucogenic Precursors and Fat on Feed Intake and Carbohydrate Status of Transition Dairy Cows^*

¹ Galisteo, New Mexico 87540
² Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007

Corresponding author: A. R. Hippen; e-mail: arnold.hippen{at}sdstate.edu.

Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of dietary fat and glucose precursors on energy status and lactation. The treatment group (T) received 409 g/d (DM basis) of a combination of calcium salts of fatty acids, calcium propionate, and propylene glycol. The control group (C) received 409 g/d of a mixture of calcium salts of fatty acids and ground barley from 14 ± 0.9 g/d before until 21 d after calving. Dry matter intake was greater (16.1 vs. 13.6 ± 1.3 kg/d) for T than C during the last week prepartum and did not decrease for T from the previous week, whereas, in C, DM intakes decreased by 3.2 kg/d. Production of milk and milk fat did not differ. There was a tendency for lower protein and increased lactose concentrations in milk from T cows. Milk fat percentage was lower in T at d 7 (5.5 vs. 6.4 ± 0.5%) and 28 (4.4 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5%) of lactation. Liver lipid content was numerically lower (7.9 vs. 9.2 ± 0.9%) and glycogen content was significantly higher (2.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.1%) in T vs. C cows on d 7 of lactation. Concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids were lower in blood of T cows on d 2 and 7 of lactation. Over all time points, blood glucose concentrations were higher in T cows pre- (70.75 vs. 62.1 ± 1.3 mg/dL) and postpartum (60.1 vs. 56.2 ± 1.1 mg/dL). Insulin concentrations in blood were greater for T (397 vs. 314 ± 48 pg/mL) both pre- and postpartum. Feeding glucose precursors in combination with rumen inert lipids, compared with feeding barley in combination with the lipids for 2 wk before parturition and 3 wk postpartum helped avoid prepartum feed intake depression and increased blood glucose and insulin and decreased blood NEFA.

Key Words: glucose precursor • dietary fat • ketosis • dairy cow

Abbreviation key: C = control, T = treatment