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1 Division of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
2 Unité Mixte de Recherches sur le Veau et le Porc, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-35042 Rennes, France
Corresponding author: J. W. Blum; e-mail: juerg.blum{at}itz.unibe.ch.
Intestinal diseases in neonatal calves may be due to morphological and functional immaturity. We have studied histomorphology, crypt cell proliferation rates (based on incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into DNA), presence of apoptotic cells (based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling), and brush border enzyme activities in preterm calves (277 d of gestation), euthanized on d 1 (P0) or 8 (P8), and in full-term calves (290 d of gestation), euthanized on d 1 (F0) or 8 (F8). Vacuolated epithelial cells were present in ileum of P0 and F0 but not in P8 and F8. During the first 8 d, villus sizes, crypt depths, and proliferation rates of crypt cells in the small intestine of preterm calves did not significantly change. In contrast, in full-term calves during the first 8 d, villus sizes in jejunum decreased, crypt depths increased in small intestine and colon, and crypt cell proliferation increased in duodenum and jejunum. Submucosal thickness in jejunum was highest in P0, but in ileum it increased with gestational age and feeding. Gestational age x feeding interactions indicated increased activities of aminopeptidase N and reduced lactase activities only in F8 and reduced dipeptidylpeptidase IV activities only in P8. In conclusion, in preterm calves the small intestinal epithelium was immature and brush border enzyme activities differed in part from those in full-term calves.
Key Words: intestine • nutrition • colostrum • preterm calf
Abbreviation key: BrdU = 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, GIT = gastrointestinal tract, F0 = group born full term and euthanized immediately after birth, F8 = group born full term, fed for 7 d, and euthanized on d 8 of life, P0 = group born preterm and euthanized immediately after birth, P8 = group born preterm, fed for 7 d, and euthanized on d 8 of life, MR = milk replacer
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