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, Milk Composition, and Metabolic Status of Periparturient Holstein Cows
1 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0920
2 Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
3 Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
Corresponding author: William W. Thatcher; e-mail: thatcher{at}animal.ufl.edu.
The objectives were to determine the effect of dietary fish oil (FO) on uterine secretion of PGF2
, milk production, milk composition, and metabolic status during the periparturient period. Holstein cows were assigned randomly to diets containing FO (n = 13) or olive oil (OO, n = 13). Cows were fed prepartum and postpartum diets that provided approximately 200 g/d from 21 d before the expected parturition until 21 d after parturition. The FO used contained 36% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n-3) and 28% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3). Blood samples were obtained from 14 d before the due date until d 21 postpartum. A total of 6 FO and 8 OO cows without periparturient disorders were used in the statistical analyses of PGF2-metabolite (PGFM) and metabolite concentrations. Length of prepartum feeding with OO or FO did not differ. Proportions of individual and total n-3 fatty acids were increased in caruncular tissue and milk of cows fed FO. The combined concentrations of EPA and DHA in caruncular tissue were correlated positively with the number of days supplemented with FO. Cows fed FO had reduced concentrations of plasma PGFM during the 60 h immediately after parturition compared with cows fed OO. Concentrations of prostaglandin H synthase-2 mRNA and protein in caruncular tissue were unaffected by diet. Production of milk and FCM were similar between cows fed the two oil diets. However, cows fed FO produced less milk fat. Feeding FO reduced plasma concentrations of glucose. Dietary fatty acids given during the periparturient period can reduce the uterine secretion of PGF2 in lactating dairy cows and alter the fatty acid profile of milk fat.
Key Words: fish oil • prostaglandin • uterus • n-3 fatty acid
Abbreviation key: CLA = conjugated linoleic acid, DA = displaced abomasum, DHA = docosahexaenoic acid, EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid, FO = fish oil, G3PDH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, OO = olive oil, PGHS-2 = prostaglandin H2 synthase 2, PGFM = 13, 14 dihydro, 15-keto PGF2, PUN = plasma urea nitrogen
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