HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Tomasula, P. M. Articles by Konstance, R. P. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Tomasula, P. M. Articles by Konstance, R. P.

The Survival of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Raw and Pasteurized Milk and Milk Products^*

US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Dairy Processing and Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038

Corresponding author: P. M. Tomasula; e-mail: ptomasula{at}errc.ars.usda.gov.

The Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) is not a public health threat, but it is highly contagious to cloven-footed animals. The virus is shed into milk up to 33 h before there are apparent signs of the disease in dairy cows, and, in extreme cases, signs of disease may not appear for up to 14 d. During this time, raw milk can serve as a vector for spread of the disease both at the farm and during transport to the processing plant by milk tanker. Raw milk and milk products fed to animals have the potential to cause infection, but the potential for pasteurized milk products to cause infection is largely unknown.

Current minimum pasteurization standards may not be adequate to eliminate FMDV in milk completely. The purpose of this paper is to assess the literature on the thermal resistance of FMDV in milk and milk products, to identify the risks associated with ingestion of pasteurized products by animals, and to lay a strategy to prevent the spread of FMDV from contaminated milk.

Key Words: milk • milk products • Foot-and-Mouth Disease • pasteurization

Abbreviation key: FMDV = Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus, ID = infectious dose, PFT = plaque-forming units, SAT = Southern African Territories

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. M. Tomasula, M. F. Kozempel, R. P. Konstance, D. Gregg, S. Boettcher, B. Baxt, and L. L. Rodriguez Thermal Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Milk Using High-Temperature, Short-Time Pasteurization J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2007; 90(7): 3202 - 3211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Bona, B. Dewals, L. Wiggers, K. Coudijzer, A. Vanderplasschen, and L. Gillet Short Communication: Pasteurization of Milk Abolishes Bovine Herpesvirus 4 Infectivity J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2005; 88(9): 3079 - 3083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. M. Tomasula and M. F. Kozempel Flow Characteristics of a Pilot-Scale High Temperature, Short Time Pasteurizer J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2004; 87(9): 2761 - 2768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]