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1 Animal and Avian Sciences Department, and
2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
3 US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20742
4 Bioproducts Inc., Fairlawn, OH 44333
Corresponding author: R. A. Erdman; e-mail: erdman{at}umd.edu.
Milk fat was investigated in lactating dairy cows fed diets supplemented with Ca salts of trans fatty acids (Ca-tFA) or Ca salts of conjugated linoleic acids (Ca-CLA). Forty-five Holstein cows (115 days in milk) were fed a control diet (51% forage; dry matter basis) supplemented with 400 g of EnerG II (Ca salts of palm oil fatty acids) for 2 wk; subsequently, 5 groups of 9 cows each were assigned for 4 wk to the control diet or diets containing 100 g of Ca-CLA or 100, 200, or 400 g of Ca-tFA in a randomized block design. Treatments had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production, protein, lactose, or somatic cell count. Milk fat percentage was reduced from 3.39% in controls to 3.30, 3.04, and 2.98%, respectively, by the Ca-tFA diets and to 2.54% by the Ca-CLA diet. Milk fat yield (1.24 kg/d in controls) was decreased by 60, 130, and 190 g/d with increasing dose of Ca-tFA and by 290 g/d with the Ca-CLA supplement. Consistent with increased endogenous synthesis of cis-9-containing CLA from precursors provided by the Ca-tFA diets, total CLA were similar in milk of cows fed Ca-CLA or Ca-tFA. Compared with controls, the Ca-CLA diet increased trans-10, cis-12-18:2 yield in milk, without altering levels of trans-18:1 isomers. In contrast, yields of most trans-18:1 isomers were elevated in milk of cows fed Ca-tFA diets, whereas yields of trans-10, cis-12-18:2 remained similar to control values. We conclude that milk fat depression can occur without an increase in trans-10, cis-12-18:2 in milk and that other components, perhaps the trans-10-18:1 isomer, may be involved.
Key Words: lactating cow • trans fatty acids • conjugated linoleic acids
Abbreviation key: Ca-CLA = Ca salt of conjugated linoleic acids, Ca-tFA = Ca salt of trans-18:1 fatty acids, CLA = conjugated linoleic acids, FAME = fatty acid methyl ester, MFD = milk fat depression, PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acids, SFA = saturated fatty acids, tFA = trans-18:1 fatty acids
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