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* Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, U.K.
Trawsgoed Research Farm, Aberystwyth SY23 4LL, U.K.
North Wyke Research Station, Okehampton EX20 8SB, U.K.
Corresponding author:
R. J. Dewhurst; e-mail:
Richard.Dewhurst{at}bbsrc.ac.uk.
Silages prepared from pure stands of ryegrass, alfalfa, white clover, and red clover over two successive year were offered to lactating dairy cows in two feeding experiments. Proportional mixtures of all cuts prepared in a yr were used to ensure that the forage treatments were representative of the crop. Additional treatments involved mixtures of grass silage with either white clover silage or red clover silage (50/50, on a DM basis). Silages were prepared in round bales, using a biological inoculant additive, and wilting for up to 48 h. Although the legumes were less suited to silage-making than grass, because of their higher buffering capacity and lower water-soluble carbohydrate content, all silages were well-fermented. A standard concentrate was offered at a flat-rate (8 kg/d in yr 1, and 4 or 8 kg/d in yr 2). All of the legume silages led to higher DM intake and milk yields than for the grass silage, with little effect on milk composition. Intake and production responses to legumes were similar at the two levels of concentrate feeding and with forage mixtures they were intermediate to those for the separate forages. An additional benefit of the clover silages, particularly red clover silage, was the increase in levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly 
;-linolenic acid, in milk. Legume silages also led to a lower palmitic acid percentage in milk. The efficiency of conversion of feed N into milk N declined with increasing levels of legume silage. White clover silage led to a higher N-use efficiency when the effect of N intake level is taken into account.
Key Words: silage • clover • alfalfa • milk production • fatty acid
Abbreviation key: A = alfalfa silage, FAME = fatty acid methyl esters, G = grass silage, G4 = G with 4 kg/d concentrates, G8 = G with 8 kg/d concentrates, , GRC = mixture of G and RC, GRC4 = GRC with 4 kg/d concentrates, , GRC8 = GRC with 8 kg/d concentrates, , GWC = mixture of G and WC, RC = red clover silage, RC4 = RC with 4 kg/d concentrates, , RC8 = RC with 8 kg/d concentrates, , RIC = roughage intake control, WC = white clover silage, WC8 = WC with 8 kg/d concentrates
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