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Intestinal Morphology, Epithelial Cell Proliferation, and Absorptive Capacity in Neonatal Calves Fed Milk-Born Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I or a Colostrum Extract¹

B. Roffler^*,2, A. Fäh^*,3, S. N. Sauter^*, H. M. Hammon^*, P. Gallmann, G. Brem and J. W. Blum^*

^* Division of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
Swiss Federal Dairy Research Station, CH-3097 Liebefeld-Berne, Switzerland;
Institute for Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biotechnology in Animal Production, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.

Corresponding author: J. W. Blum; e-mail:
juerg.blum{at}itz.unibe.ch.

Concentrations of nonnutritional factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), in bovine colostrum are high and can modulate neonatal gastrointestinal tract development and function. In neonatal calves, we have investigated effects on intestinal epithelial cell morphology, proliferation, and absorption of feeding milk-born human IGF-I (hIGF-I) or a bovine colostrum extract. Calves were fed a milk-based formula containing amounts of nutrients comparable to colostrum for the first 3 d and a milk replacer from d 4 on. Formula and milk replacer contained only traces of nonnutritional factors. In experiment 1, supraphysiological amounts of hIGF-I (3.8 mg/L formula; secreted by transgenic rabbits with their milk) were added to the formula. Xylose appearance in blood (after feeding xylose on d 5) and intestinal traits (after euthanasia on d 8) did not differ between groups. In experiment 2, an extract of first-milked bovine colostrum that provided physiological amounts of IGF-I (0.50, 0.15, and 0.09 mg of IGF-I/L formula on d 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and 0.09 mg of IGF-I/L milk replacer on d 4) was added to formula or milk replacer. Plasma xylose concentration in the control group was transiently higher than in calves fed the colostrum extract. On d 5 (after euthanasia), villus circumferences and heights in small intestine, and epithelial cell proliferation rate in intestine were higher in calves fed the colostrum extract than in controls. In conclusion, orally administered hIGF-I from transgenic rabbits had no effect on the intestinal tract. However, feeding a bovine colostrum extract enhanced intestinal villus size, although it appeared to transiently decrease the absorptive capacity.

Key Words: hormone • growth factor • intestine • newborn

Abbreviation key: bCE = bovine colostrum extract, BrdU = 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, CF = crude fat, GE = gross energy, GH = growth hormone, GI = gastrointestinal, GIT = GI tract, GrC₁ = group that served as control in experiment 1 and was fed a milk-based formula from d 1 to d 3 and then a milk replacer, GrC₂ = group that served as control in experiment 2 and was fed a milk-based formula from d 1 to 3 and then a milk replacer, GrE = group fed in experiment 2 as calves of GrC₂ but furthermore a bCE that was added to formula and milk replacer, GrI = group fed in experiment 1 the same amounts of formula and milk replacer as calves of GrC₁ but furthermore hIGF-I that was added to formula and MR₁, hIGF-I = human IGF-I, IGFBP = IGF binding protein, MR = milk replacer, NfE = nitrogen-free extracts, T₃ = 3.5.3'-triiodothyronine, T₄ = thyroxine

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