| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Institute of Physiology, Technical University Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
Corresponding author:
R. M. Bruckmaier; e-mail:
bruckmaier{at}wzw.tum.de.
Cytokines, eicosanoids, and lactoferrin are involved in the mammary gland’s immune response to invading microorganisms. The goal of this work was to investigate the synthesis of these immunologically important factors in somatic milk cells, blood cells, and mammary tissue of cows with different somatic cell count levels, i.e., different immunological activity. On the level of mRNA expression, the cytokine tumor necrosis factor 
(TNF), lactoferrin (Lf), and specific key enzymes of leukotriene and prostaglandin biosynthesis, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2), respectively, were determined. All 15 experimental cows were clinically healthy with no visible mammary disease. Eight cows were defined as control group with all quarters <150,000 cells/ml (C), whereas seven cows had partially elevated quarter somatic cell counts, with at least one quarter >150,000 cells/ml (H) and one quarter <150,000 cells/ml (L). Total quarter milk from one quarter of control group and from two quarters of cows with partially elevated cell counts (one of H and one of L) was collected at one milking and a blood sample was taken simultaneously. In addition, mammary tissue samples were taken from the respective quarters on the following day during slaughter. Total RNA from milk, blood, and tissue cells was isolated and reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was carried out. All factors investigated were not significantly different between groups in blood cells and between C and L quarters in milk cells and mammary tissue. TNF and COX-2 mRNA expression was higher in milk cells and mammary tissue of H than in L quarters, except for COX-2 in mammary tissue. Generally, TNF and COX-2 showed their highest expression in milk cells, 5-LO in blood cells, whereas lactoferrin was mainly expressed by the mammary tissue. COX-1 was similarly expressed in all tested samples.
Key Words: Mammary gland • immunology • eicosanoid • tumor necrosis factor alpha
Abbreviation key: COX-1 = cyclooxygenase-1, COX-2 = cyclooxygenase-2, gDNA = genomic DNA, Lf = lactoferrin, 5-LO = 5-lipoxygenase, RT= reverse transcription, RT-PCR= reverse transcription - quantitative polymerase chain reaction, TNF= tumor necrosis factor alpha, UbC= ubiquitin
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B. Griesbeck-Zilch, M. Osman, Ch. Kuhn, M. Schwerin, R. H. Bruckmaier, M. W. Pfaffl, A. Hammerle-Fickinger, H. H. D. Meyer, and O. Wellnitz Analysis of key molecules of the innate immune system in mammary epithelial cells isolated from marker-assisted and conventionally selected cattle J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2009; 92(9): 4621 - 4633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Lucy, G. A. Verkerk, B. E. Whyte, K. A. Macdonald, L. Burton, R. T. Cursons, J. R. Roche, and C. W. Holmes Somatotropic axis components and nutrient partitioning in genetically diverse dairy cows managed under different feed allowances in a pasture system J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2009; 92(2): 526 - 539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Griesbeck-Zilch, H. H. D. Meyer, CH. Kuhn, M. Schwerin, and O. Wellnitz Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Cause Deviating Expression Profiles of Cytokines and Lactoferrin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Mammary Epithelial Cells J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2008; 91(6): 2215 - 2224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Singh, S. R. Davis, J. M. Dobson, A. J. Molenaar, T. T. Wheeler, C. G. Prosser, V. C. Farr, K. Oden, K. M. Swanson, C. V. C. Phyn, et al. cDNA Microarray Analysis Reveals that Antioxidant and Immune Genes Are Upregulated During Involution of the Bovine Mammary Gland J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2008; 91(6): 2236 - 2246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Vangroenweghe, W. Van Den Broeck, A. De Ketelaere, H. van Bree, L. Duchateau, and C. Burvenich Endoscopic Examination and Tissue Sampling of the Bovine Teat and Udder Cistern J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2006; 89(5): 1516 - 1524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Berisha, M. Steffl, W. Amselgruber, and D. Schams Changes in fibroblast growth factor 2 and its receptors in bovine follicles before and after GnRH application and after ovulation Reproduction, February 1, 2006; 131(2): 319 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Puvogel, C. R. Baumrucker, H. Sauerwein, R. Ruhl, E. Ontsouka, H. M. Hammon, and J. W. Blum Effects of an Enhanced Vitamin A Intake During the Dry Period on Retinoids, Lactoferrin, IGF System, Mammary Gland Epithelial Cell Apoptosis, and Subsequent Lactation in Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2005; 88(5): 1785 - 1800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
