JDS
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Fievez, V.
Right arrow Articles by Dewhurst, R. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Fievez, V.
Right arrow Articles by Dewhurst, R. J.
J. Dairy Sci. 86:4047-4053
© American Dairy Science Association, 2003.

Use of Principal Component Analysis to Investigate the Origin of Heptadecenoic and Conjugated Linoleic Acids in Milk

V. Fievez*, B. Vlaeminck*, M. S. Dhanoa{dagger} and R. J. Dewhurst{dagger}

* Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
{dagger} Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, U.K.

Corresponding author: V. Fievez; e-mail: veerle.fievez{at}UGent.be.

The aim of this paper was the application of principal component analysis (PCA) 1) to elucidate mutual metabolic relationships between milk fatty acids (FA) and 2) to illustrate the origin of milk FA, in particular C17:1 and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid. Data were combined from 3 experiments with lactating Holstein-Friesian cows offered diets based on grass or legume silage and concentrates. Loading plots of PCA based on milk FA concentrations showed 4 groups of milk FA, having similar precursors or metabolic pathways in the rumen and/or mammary gland: medium-chain saturated FA, de novo synthesized from acetate and ß-hydroxybutyrate; monoenoic milk FA, products of {Delta}9-desaturase activity in the mammary gland; odd chain FA of rumen microbial origin and C18:0, n-6 C18:2, and n-3 C18:3 of dietary origin or the result of rumen biohydrogenation. Loading plots of PCA based on both milk and duodenal FA concentrations as well as on milk FA yields and duodenal FA flows further illustrated the importance of postabsorptive synthesis of the milk medium chain saturated and monoenoic FA and the direct absorption from the blood stream of odd chain FA, C18:0, n-6 C18:2, and n-3 C18:3. In all loading plots, milk oleic acid (C18:1) appeared intermediate between clusters of 18-carbon FA and monoenoic FA, illustrating its dual (dietary and endogenous production) origin. Milk C17:1 was suggested to be a desaturation product of C17:0, in common with other milk monoenoic FA. Finally, the PCA technique, based on milk FA patterns of one experiment, was applied to investigate factors determining cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk. Within the range of diets and cows studied here, we showed changes in cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid to be mainly dependent on vaccenic acid supply and to a lesser extent on variation in desaturase activity.

Key Words: principal component analysis • odd-chain fatty acid • conjugated linoleic acid • {Delta}9-desaturase

Abbreviation key: FA = fatty acids, OCFA = odd-chain fatty acids, PCA = principal component analysis




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J DAIRY SCIHome page
R. J. Dewhurst, J. M. Moorby, B. Vlaeminck, and V. Fievez
Apparent Recovery of Duodenal Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Milk of Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2007; 90(4): 1775 - 1780.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J DAIRY SCIHome page
A. R. J. Cabrita, R. J. B. Bessa, S. P. Alves, R. J. Dewhurst, and A. J. M. Fonseca
Effects of Dietary Protein and Starch on Intake, Milk Production, and Milk Fatty Acid Profiles of Dairy Cows Fed Corn Silage-Based Diets
J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2007; 90(3): 1429 - 1439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J DAIRY SCIHome page
B. Vlaeminck, V. Fievez, S. Tamminga, R. J. Dewhurst, A. van Vuuren, D. De Brabander, and D. Demeyer
Milk odd- and branched-chain Fatty acids in relation to the rumen fermentation pattern.
J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2006; 89(10): 3954 - 3964.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J DAIRY SCIHome page
S. P. Alves, C. Marcelino, P. V. Portugal, and R. J. B. Bessa
Short Communication: The Nature of Heptadecenoic Acid in Ruminant Fats
J Dairy Sci, January 1, 2006; 89(1): 170 - 173.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J DAIRY SCIHome page
E. J. Kim, R. Sanderson, M. S. Dhanoa, and R. J. Dewhurst
Fatty Acid Profiles Associated with Microbial Colonization of Freshly Ingested Grass and Rumen Biohydrogenation
J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2005; 88(9): 3220 - 3230.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J DAIRY SCIHome page
B. Vlaeminck, C. Dufour, A. M. van Vuuren, A. R. J. Cabrita, R. J. Dewhurst, D. Demeyer, and V. Fievez
Use of Odd and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Rumen Contents and Milk as a Potential Microbial Marker
J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2005; 88(3): 1031 - 1042.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2003 by the American Dairy Science Association ®.