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* Periparturient Diseases of Cattle Research Unit, USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames 50010
Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca 14583-4801
Corresponding author: B. J. Nonnecke; e-mail: bnonneck{at}nadc.ars.usda.gov.
Effects of increased dietary energy and protein on the composition and functional capacities of blood mononuclear leukocyte populations from milk replacer-fed calves were investigated. Holstein bull calves (average age: 4.2 d; n = 19) were assigned randomly to one of two treatment groups. Treatment 1 calves (n = 9) were fed a 20% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer at a rate of 1.4% body weight of dry matter/d for 8 wk, whereas treatment 2 calves (n = 10) were fed a 30% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer at a rate of 2.5% body weight of dry matter per day. Composition and functional capacities of mononuclear leukocyte populations from blood samples collected at 4, 18, 32, 46, and 60 d of age were characterized by flow cytometry and ex vivo cell function assays. From 11 to 60 d of age, the mean daily weight gain of treatment 2 calves (1.20 kg/d) was greater than daily weight gain of treatment 1 calves (0.55 kg/d). At 60 d of age, the mean body weight of treatment two calves was 53% (39 kg) greater than the mean body weight of treatment 1 calves. Total numbers of blood leukocytes and the composition of the mononuclear leukocyte population were unaffected by the plane of nutrition. Mitogen-induced DNA-synthesis and immunoglobulin M secretion also were unaffected by dietary treatment. Blood mononuclear leukocytes from calves on intensified diets, however, produced less interferon-
and more inducible nitric oxide, suggesting that increased dietary energy and protein affects specific aspects of leukocyte function associated with cell-mediated immunity. The impact of altered interferon- and NO production on the calf’s susceptibility to infectious disease are not known. Mononuclear leukocyte populations from all calves also demonstrated age-related changes in composition and functional capacity, likely reflecting natural exposure to infectious agents and maturation of the calf’s immune system.
Key Words: developmental immunity • interferon • neonatal calf nutrition • nitric oxide
Abbreviation key: ConA = concanavalin A, FBS = fetal bovine serum, IFN = interferon, IL-2r = interleukin-2 receptor, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, MR = milk replacer, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, PWM = pokeweed mitogen, TRT = treatment
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