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Corn Silage Management: Effects of Hybrid, Chop Length, and Mechanical Processing on Digestion and Energy Content

L. M. Johnson^*, J. H. Harrison^*, D. Davidson^*, W. C. Mahanna and K. Shinners

^* Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Puyallup, 98371
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Des Moines, IA, 50131
Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706

Corresponding author:
Joe Harrison; e-mail:
harrison{at}puyallup.wsu.edu.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chop length and mechanical processing of two hybrids of whole plant corn on digestion and energy content of the total mixed ration (TMR). The experimental designs in experiments 1 and 2 were 6 x 6 and 4 x 4 Latin squares, respectively. In the first experiment, Pioneer hybrid 3845 was harvested at three theoretical lengths of cut: 11.1, 27.8, and 39.7 mm. At each chop length, corn was harvested with and without mechanical processing using a John Deere 5830 harvester with an onboard kernel processor. In the second experiment, Pioneer hybrid Quanta was harvested at two theoretical lengths of cut: 27.8 and 39.7 mm, with and without mechanical processing. In both experiments, the increase in the theoretical length of cut of corn silage increased the average length of cut and tended to increase the percentage of particles greater than 19 mm and lower the percentage of particles between 8 and 19 mm. In experiment 1, apparent total tract dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibilities were lower for cows fed diets containing corn silage harvested at a short chop length (11.1 mm) than for corn silage harvested at a long chop length (39.7 mm). The lower total tract digestibility of nutrients may have contributed to the lower TDN, metabolizable energy (percentage of digestible energy), and NE_L concentration of diets containing the short chop length corn silage (experiment 1). In experiment 2, total tract starch digestibility was greater for cows fed medium chop (27.8 mm) corn silage diets, and total tract NDF digestibility was greater for cows fed long chop (39.7 mm) corn silage diets. The opposing effect of total tract starch and fiber digestibilities between chop lengths may have contributed to the lack of difference in energy content of the diets in experiment 2. The TDN and NE_L concentrations of the processed corn silage diets were greater than the unprocessed corn silage diets in experiment 1. The increase in energy concentration for the processed corn silage diet was due to greater total tract digestibility of organic matter and ether extract. Total tract starch digestibility was greater, and total tract NDF digestibility was lower for cows fed processed corn silage diets than unprocessed corn silage diets in experiment 2. The opposing effect of total tract starch and fiber digestibilities between processed and unprocessed corn silage may have contributed to the lack of difference in energy content of the diets.

Abbreviation key: ADICP = acid detergent insoluble CP, ALC = average length-of-cut, DE = digestible energy, ME = metabolizable energy, MUN = milk urea N, NAN = nonammonia N, NANMN = nonammonia nonmicrobial N, NDICP = neutral detergent insoluble CP, NFC = nonfiber carbohydrates, TLC = theoretical length of cut

Key Words: corn silage • mechanical processing • chop length

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