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Nucleosides Are Efficiently Absorbed by Na⁺-Dependent Transport Across the Intestinal Brush Border Membrane in Veal Calves

Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 260, CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

Corresponding author:
E. Scharrer; e-mail:
scharrer{at}vetphys.unizh.ch.

In previous work, a comparatively high capacity for Na⁺-dependent transport of nucleosides across the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) was observed in dairy cows, which might be related to digestion of the large amount of nucleic acids present in ruminal microorganisms in the ruminant small intestine. If this were the case, the capacity for Na⁺-dependent intestinal nucleoside transport should be much lower in veal calves, in which only small amounts of nucleic acids, nucleotides, and nucleosides reach the small intestine via the milk replacer. To test this hypothesis, we investigated Na⁺-dependent transport of ³H-labeled thymidine and guanosine across the BBM using BBM vesicles (BBMV) isolated from the small intestine of veal calves. In the presence of a transmembrane Na⁺ gradient both substrates were transported against a concentration gradient. Inhibitory studies showed that thymidine and guanosine are transported by two different transporters with overlapping substrate specificity, one accepting predominantly pyrimidine nucleosides (N2) and one accepting particularly purine nucleosides (N1). Nucleoside transport was inhibited by glucose along the whole small intestine. Maximal transport rates similar to those in dairy cows were obtained for the proximal, mid-, and distal small intestine. These findings suggest that the high absorptive capacity for nucleosides is a genetically fixed property in the bovine small intestine, which is already present in the preruminant state of veal calves. It may contribute to the high digestibility of nucleic acids observed by others in veal calves receiving milk replacer supplemented with RNA. Its main function may be the efficient absorption of nucleosides resulting from the digestion of nucleic acids associated with desquamated enterocytes. Due to the limited de novo synthesis of nucleotides in enterocytes intracellular uptake of nucleosides across the BBM may contribute to nucleic acid synthesis in enterocytes and thus may have a trophic effect on the intestinal epithelium.

Key Words: absorption of nucleosides • brush border membrane • Na⁺-dependent nucleoside transport • inhibition of nucleoside transport by glucose

Abbreviation key: BBM = brush border membrane, BBMV = brush border membrane vesicles, N1 = Na+-dependent transporter for purine nucleosides, N2 = Na⁺-dependent transporter for pyrimidine nucleosides

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