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* Division of Animal Physiology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leics, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
Animal Biology Division, Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9PS, United Kingdom
Corresponding author:
M. D. Royal; e-mail:
melissa.royal{at}nottingham.ac.uk.
The decline of fertility in the UK dairy herd and the unfavorable genetic correlation (ra) between fertility and milk yield has necessitated the broadening of breeding goals to include fertility. The coefficient of genetic variation present in fertility is of similar magnitude to that present in production traits; however, traditional measurements of fertility (such as calving interval, days open, nonreturn rate) have low heritability (h2 < 0.05), and recording is often poor, hindering identification of genetically superior animals. An alternative approach is to use endocrine measurements of fertility such as interval to commencement of luteal activity postpartum (CLA), which has a higher h2 (0.16 to 0.23) and is free from management bias. Although CLA has favorable phenotypic correlations with traditional measures of fertility, if it is to be used in a selection index, the genetic correlation (ra) of this trait with fertility and other components of the index must be estimated. The aim of the analyses reported here was to obtain information on the ra between lnCLA and calving interval (CI), average body condition score (BCS; one to nine, an indicator of energy balance estimated from records taken at different months of lactation), production and a number of linear type traits. Genetic models were fitted using ASREML, and ra were inferred from genetic regression of lnCLA on sire-predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) for the trait concerned by multiplying the regression coefficient (b) by the ratio of the genetic standard deviations. The inferred ra between lnCLA and CI and average BCS were 0.36 and –0.84, respectively. Genetic correlations between lnCLA and milk fat and protein yields were all positive and ranged between 0.33 and 0.69. Genetic correlations between lnCLA and linear type traits reflecting body structure ranged from –0.25 to 0.15, and between udder characteristics they ranged from –0.16 to 0.05. Thus, incorporation of endocrine parameters of fertility, such as CLA, into a fertility index may offer the potential to improve the accuracy of breeding value prediction for fertility, thus allowing producers to make more informed selection decisions.
Key Words: milk progesterone • calving interval • body condition score • linear type traits
Abbreviation key: CI = calving interval, CLA = interval to commencement of luteal activity postpartum, HUKI = Holstein UK and Ireland, PCH = percentage Holstein, PIN95 = 1995 profit index, ra = additive genetic correlation
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