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Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 84 No. E-Suppl 151-155
© 2001 by American Dairy Science Association ®
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Emergence and Transfer of Antibacterial Resistance

D. G. White and P. F. McDermott

Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708

ABSTRACT

There is increased public and scientific interest regarding the administration of therapeutic and subtherapeutic antimicrobials to animals. This is due primarily to the emergence and dissemination of multiple antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacterial pathogens. The debate regarding antimicrobial use in animals and subsequent human health implications has been going on for over 30 yr. This was initiated by the release of the Swann report in the United Kingdom in 1969. While this issue has triggered a tremendous controversy, there is still no agreement on the significance of antimicrobial use in animals and (or) resistance in bacterial isolates from animals on the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance among human bacterial pathogens. Contributing to the controversy is the isolation of bacterial pathogens of animal and human origin that are increasingly resistant to most frontline antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and even fluoroquinolones. Recent studies have demonstrated that the majority of these multiple antimicrobial resistant phenotypes are obtained by the acquisition of external genes that may provide resistance to an entire class of antimicrobials. A number of these resistance genes have been associated with large, transferable, extra-chromosomal DNA elements, called plasmids, on which may be other DNA mobile elements, termed transposons and integrons. These DNA mobile elements have been shown to possess genetic determinants for several different antimicrobial resistance mechanisms are largely responsible for the rapid dissemination of resistance genes among different bacterial genera and species. Although the impact of a dairy practitioner or producer may seem small with regards to the emergence and dissemination of bacterial antimicrobial resistance, it is critical that we understand the importance of appropriate antimicrobial therapy from a broader perspective in the dairy production environment.

FOOTNOTES

Corresponding author: D. G. White; e-mail: dwhite{at}cvm.fda.gov.




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Copyright © 2001 by the American Dairy Science Association ®.