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1 USDA-ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, 216 Poultry Bldg., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
2 USDA-ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, 216 Poultry Bldg., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 and Present Address: USDA-ARS, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Animal Science Bldg., Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2141
3 Department of Animal Sciences, 103 Poultry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
4 Department of Entomology, Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
Tail docking is an animal well-being issue not only regarding the docking procedures but also because of concerns during fly season. To address the latter question, we selected eight cows that had been tail-docked in a previous experiment and eight nondocked cows matched by stage of lactation. Physiological, immunological, and behavioral measures were used to evaluate the well being of those cows housed in a tie-stall barn during fly season for 5 consecutive days. Behavior was observed for 5-min interval instantaneous scan samples for 1 h each at 0800, 1200, and 1600 h. Flies were counted before behavior observations. Blood samples were taken daily for plasma and leukocyte separation. Cows were scored on d 5 for cleanliness on a five-point scale. Docked cows were cleaner, but fly counts of docked cows were greater for total fly counts and rear leg counts. However, counts were not different on front legs. Time of day was significant, so each time of day was analyzed separately. Docked cows were observed to exhibit fewer tail swings at 0800 h, but docked cows tended to ruminate more at that time. Docked cows tended to stand less at the 1200 h observation. Total fly-avoidance behaviors were greater for all cows at the 1600-h observation. Only tail swings tended to be more frequent with docked cows, but foot stomps occurred only in the docked cows. Lymphocyte phenotypes, acute-phase proteins, and immunoglobulin concentrations did not differ. In conclusion, although docked cows were cleaner, as the fly numbers increase throughout the day, fly-avoidance behaviors also increased and foot stomping appeared as an alternative method for fly avoidance by docked cows.
Key Words: tail-docking • cattle • fly avoidance • behavior
Submitted on December 7, 2000
Accepted on March 27, 2001
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