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Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 84 No. 4 944-950
© 2001 by American Dairy Science Association ®
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Bias and Power in the Estimation of a Maternal Family Variance Component in the Presence of Incomplete and Incorrect Pedigree Information

T. Roughsedge 1, S. Brotherstone 2, and P. M. Visscher 3

1 Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JG and Current Address: Animal Biology Division, Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh EH26 0PH
2 Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT
3 Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JG and Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT

Several studies over the last 15 yr have estimated the magnitude of cytoplasmic inheritance of production and type traits in dairy cattle. Pedigree information can be used to assign maternal lineages, and the between-maternal lineage variance is then assumed to be an estimate of cytoplasmic inheritance. Two potential sources of bias and reduction of the power of estimation of cytoplasmic inheritance using such a method are 1) incomplete and 2) incorrect pedigree information being used in the assignment of maternal lineages. The theoretical bias introduced by these two sources of error is investigated and the results of a simulation study varying the number of families, the percentage of pedigree errors, and the level of incomplete lineage assignment are presented. Pedigree errors were found to have the biggest impact. A pedigree error rate of 8% per generation would result in a 75% reduction in the estimable magnitude of a 5% true component of variance after nine generations. The effect that these mechanisms have on the power of estimation are discussed and investigated by simulation. It was concluded that using historical pedigree, with incomplete and incorrect maternal family information, to assign maternal lineage would cause a downward bias in the magnitude of the cytoplasmic effect estimated. In the future, it will be possible to overcome pedigree problems by using molecular information to directly assign cytoplasmic lineage groups.

Key Words: maternal lineage • cytoplasmic effect • pedigree errors • variance component

Submitted on June 14, 2000
Accepted on November 21, 2000




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