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Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 83 No. 7 1598-1624
© 2000 by American Dairy Science Association ®
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Effects of Diet on Short-Term Regulation of Feed Intake by Lactating Dairy Cattle

Michael S. Allen 1

1 Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225

Physical and chemical characteristics of dietary ingredients and their interactions can have a large effect on dry matter intake (DMI) of lactating cows. Physical limitations caused by distension of the reticulo-rumen or other compartments of the gastrointestinal tract often limit DMI of high producing cows or cows fed high forage diets. Fermentation acids also limit DMI from a combination of increased osmolality in the reticulo-rumen and specific effects of propionate, although the mechanisms are not clear. The specific physical and chemical characteristics of diets that can affect DMI include fiber content, ease of hydrolysis of starch and fiber, particle size, particle fragility, silage fermentation products, concentration and characteristics of fat, and the amount and ruminal degradation of protein. Site of starch digestion affects the form of metabolic fuel absorbed, which can affect DMI because absorbed propionate appears to be more hypophagic than lactate or absorbed glucose. Dry matter intake is likely determined by integration of signals in brain satiety centers. Difficulty in measurement and extensive interactions among the variables make it challenging to account for dietary effects when predicting DMI. However, a greater understanding of the mechanisms along with evaluation of animal responses to diet changes allows diet adjustments to be made to optimize DMI as well as to optimize allocation of diet ingredients to animals. This paper discusses some of the characteristics of dietary ingredients that should be considered when formulating diets for lactating dairy cows and when allocating feeds to different groups of animals on the farm.

Key Words: dry matter intake • diet effects • lactating cows

Submitted on August 5, 1999
Accepted on February 7, 2000




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Effects of Dietary {alpha}-Amylase on Metabolism and Performance of Transition Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, December 1, 2005; 88(12): 4405 - 4413.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. I. Szasz, C. W. Hunt, O. A. Turgeon Jr., P. A. Szasz, and K. A. Johnson
Effects of pasteurization of potato slurry by-product fed in corn-or barley-based beef finishing diets
J Anim Sci, December 1, 2005; 83(12): 2806 - 2814.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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K. J. Harvatine and M. S. Allen
The Effect of Production Level on Feed Intake, Milk Yield, and Endocrine Responses to Two Fatty Acid Supplements in Lactating Cows
J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2005; 88(11): 4018 - 4027.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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T. F. Gressley and L. E. Armentano
Effect of Abomasal Pectin Infusion on Digestion and Nitrogen Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2005; 88(11): 4028 - 4044.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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B. J. Bradford and M. S. Allen
Phlorizin Administration Increases Hepatic Gluconeogenic Enzyme mRNA Abundance but Not Feed Intake in Late-Lactation Dairy Cows
J. Nutr., September 1, 2005; 135(9): 2206 - 2211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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I. R. Ipharraguerre, J. H. Clark, and D. E. Freeman
Varying Protein and Starch in the Diet of Dairy Cows. I. Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Intestinal Supply of Nutrients
J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2005; 88(7): 2537 - 2555.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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I. R. Ipharraguerre and J. H. Clark
Varying Protein and Starch in the Diet of Dairy Cows. II. Effects on Performance and Nitrogen Utilization for Milk Production
J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2005; 88(7): 2556 - 2570.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. C. Taylor and M. S. Allen
Corn Grain Endosperm Type and Brown Midrib 3 Corn Silage: Site of Digestion and Ruminal Digestion Kinetics in Lactating Cows
J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2005; 88(4): 1413 - 1424.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. C. Taylor and M. S. Allen
Corn Grain Endosperm Type and Brown Midrib 3 Corn Silage: Feeding Behavior and Milk Yield of Lactating Cows
J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2005; 88(4): 1425 - 1433.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. M. DeFrain, A. R. Hippen, K. F. Kalscheur, and R. S. Patton
Effects of Feeding Propionate and Calcium Salts of Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Transition Dairy Cow Performance
J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2005; 88(3): 983 - 993.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. L. Beckman and W. P. Weiss
Nutrient Digestibility of Diets with Different Fiber to Starch Ratios when Fed to Lactating Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2005; 88(3): 1015 - 1023.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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E. Castaneda-Gutierrez, T. R. Overton, W. R. Butler, and D. E. Bauman
Dietary Supplements of Two Doses of Calcium Salts of Conjugated Linoleic Acid During the Transition Period and Early Lactation
J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2005; 88(3): 1078 - 1089.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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P. Schmidely, P. Morand-Fehr, and D. Sauvant
Influence of Extruded Soybeans With or Without Bicarbonate on Milk Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Goat Milk
J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2005; 88(2): 757 - 765.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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L. Chapuis-Lardy, J. Fiorini, J. Toth, and Z. Dou
Phosphorus Concentration and Solubility in Dairy Feces: Variability and Affecting Factors
J Dairy Sci, December 1, 2004; 87(12): 4334 - 4341.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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B. J. Bradford and M. S. Allen
Milk Fat Responses to a Change in Diet Fermentability Vary by Production Level in Dairy Cattle
J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2004; 87(11): 3800 - 3807.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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A. T. Yansari, R. Valizadeh, A. Naserian, D. A. Christensen, P. Yu, and F. E. Shahroodi
Effects of Alfalfa Particle Size and Specific Gravity on Chewing Activity, Digestibility, and Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2004; 87(11): 3912 - 3924.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. S. Einarson, J. C. Plaizier, and K. M. Wittenberg
Effects of Barley Silage Chop Length on Productivity and Rumen Conditions of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed a Total Mixed Ration
J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2004; 87(9): 2987 - 2996.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. C. Plaizier
Replacing Chopped Alfalfa Hay with Alfalfa Silage in Barley Grain and Alfalfa-Based Total Mixed Rations for Lactating Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2004; 87(8): 2495 - 2505.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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I. Fernandez, C. Martin, M. Champion, and B. Michalet-Doreau
Effect of Corn Hybrid and Chop Length of Whole-Plant Corn Silage on Digestion and Intake by Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2004; 87(5): 1298 - 1309.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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W. P. Weiss and D. J. Wyatt
Digestible Energy Values of Diets with Different Fat Supplements when Fed to Lactating Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2004; 87(5): 1446 - 1454.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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D. L. Palmquist and T. C. Jenkins
Challenges with fats and fatty acid methods
J Anim Sci, December 1, 2003; 81(12): 3250 - 3254.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. A. Voelker and M. S. Allen
Pelleted Beet Pulp Substituted for High-Moisture Corn: 1. Effects on Feed Intake Chewing Behavior, and Milk Production of Lactating Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2003; 86(11): 3542 - 3552.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. M. Calberry, J. C. Plaizier, M. S. Einarson, and B. W. McBride
Effects of Replacing Chopped Alfalfa Hay with Alfalfa Silage in a Total Mixed Ration on Production and Rumen Conditions of Lactating Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2003; 86(11): 3611 - 3619.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. Oba and M. S. Allen
Dose-Response Effects of Intrauminal Infusion of Propionate on Feeding Behavior of Lactating Cows in Early or Midlactation
J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2003; 86(9): 2922 - 2931.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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L. A. Whitlock, D. J. Schingoethe, A. R. Hippen, K.F. Kalscheur, and A.A. AbuGhazaleh
Milk Production and Composition from Cows Fed High Oil or Conventional Corn at Two Forage Concentrations
J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2003; 86(7): 2428 - 2437.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. K. Drackley, T. M. Cicela, and D. W. LaCount
Responses of Primiparous and Multiparous Holstein Cows to Additional Energy from Fat or Concentrate During Summer
J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2003; 86(4): 1306 - 1314.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. Oba and M. S. Allen
Effects of Intraruminal Infusion of Sodium, Potassium, and Ammonium on Hypophagia from Propionate in Lactating Dairy Cows
J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2003; 86(4): 1398 - 1404.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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P. J. Kononoff and A. J. Heinrichs
The Effect of Reducing Alfalfa Haylage Particle Size on Cows in Early Lactation
J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2003; 86(4): 1445 - 1457.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. Oba and M. S. Allen
Intraruminal Infusion of Propionate Alters Feeding Behavior and Decreases Energy Intake of Lactating Dairy Cows
J. Nutr., April 1, 2003; 133(4): 1094 - 1099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. Oba and M. S. Allen
Hypophagic Effects of Ammonium Are Greater When Infused with Propionate Compared with Acetate in Lactating Dairy Cows
J. Nutr., April 1, 2003; 133(4): 1100 - 1104.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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