Effects of Diet on Short-Term Regulation of Feed Intake by Lactating Dairy Cattle

¹ Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225

Physical and chemical characteristics of dietary ingredients and their interactions can have a large effect on dry matter intake (DMI) of lactating cows. Physical limitations caused by distension of the reticulo-rumen or other compartments of the gastrointestinal tract often limit DMI of high producing cows or cows fed high forage diets. Fermentation acids also limit DMI from a combination of increased osmolality in the reticulo-rumen and specific effects of propionate, although the mechanisms are not clear. The specific physical and chemical characteristics of diets that can affect DMI include fiber content, ease of hydrolysis of starch and fiber, particle size, particle fragility, silage fermentation products, concentration and characteristics of fat, and the amount and ruminal degradation of protein. Site of starch digestion affects the form of metabolic fuel absorbed, which can affect DMI because absorbed propionate appears to be more hypophagic than lactate or absorbed glucose. Dry matter intake is likely determined by integration of signals in brain satiety centers. Difficulty in measurement and extensive interactions among the variables make it challenging to account for dietary effects when predicting DMI. However, a greater understanding of the mechanisms along with evaluation of animal responses to diet changes allows diet adjustments to be made to optimize DMI as well as to optimize allocation of diet ingredients to animals. This paper discusses some of the characteristics of dietary ingredients that should be considered when formulating diets for lactating dairy cows and when allocating feeds to different groups of animals on the farm.

Key Words: dry matter intake • diet effects • lactating cows

Submitted on August 5, 1999
Accepted on February 7, 2000

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				B. J. Bradford and M. S. Allen Milk Fat Responses to a Change in Diet Fermentability Vary by Production Level in Dairy Cattle J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2004; 87(11): 3800 - 3807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. T. Yansari, R. Valizadeh, A. Naserian, D. A. Christensen, P. Yu, and F. E. Shahroodi Effects of Alfalfa Particle Size and Specific Gravity on Chewing Activity, Digestibility, and Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2004; 87(11): 3912 - 3924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Einarson, J. C. Plaizier, and K. M. Wittenberg Effects of Barley Silage Chop Length on Productivity and Rumen Conditions of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed a Total Mixed Ration J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2004; 87(9): 2987 - 2996. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Plaizier Replacing Chopped Alfalfa Hay with Alfalfa Silage in Barley Grain and Alfalfa-Based Total Mixed Rations for Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2004; 87(8): 2495 - 2505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Fernandez, C. Martin, M. Champion, and B. Michalet-Doreau Effect of Corn Hybrid and Chop Length of Whole-Plant Corn Silage on Digestion and Intake by Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2004; 87(5): 1298 - 1309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. P. Weiss and D. J. Wyatt Digestible Energy Values of Diets with Different Fat Supplements when Fed to Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2004; 87(5): 1446 - 1454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Palmquist and T. C. Jenkins Challenges with fats and fatty acid methods J Anim Sci, December 1, 2003; 81(12): 3250 - 3254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Voelker and M. S. Allen Pelleted Beet Pulp Substituted for High-Moisture Corn: 1. Effects on Feed Intake Chewing Behavior, and Milk Production of Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2003; 86(11): 3542 - 3552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Calberry, J. C. Plaizier, M. S. Einarson, and B. W. McBride Effects of Replacing Chopped Alfalfa Hay with Alfalfa Silage in a Total Mixed Ration on Production and Rumen Conditions of Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2003; 86(11): 3611 - 3619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Oba and M. S. Allen Dose-Response Effects of Intrauminal Infusion of Propionate on Feeding Behavior of Lactating Cows in Early or Midlactation J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2003; 86(9): 2922 - 2931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. A. Whitlock, D. J. Schingoethe, A. R. Hippen, K.F. Kalscheur, and A.A. AbuGhazaleh Milk Production and Composition from Cows Fed High Oil or Conventional Corn at Two Forage Concentrations J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2003; 86(7): 2428 - 2437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. K. Drackley, T. M. Cicela, and D. W. LaCount Responses of Primiparous and Multiparous Holstein Cows to Additional Energy from Fat or Concentrate During Summer J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2003; 86(4): 1306 - 1314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Oba and M. S. Allen Effects of Intraruminal Infusion of Sodium, Potassium, and Ammonium on Hypophagia from Propionate in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2003; 86(4): 1398 - 1404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]