| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 Livestock Sciences Section, Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
Effects of barley processing on site and extent of digestion and milk production in dairy cows were evaluated in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with four lactating cows with ruminal and duodenal cannulas. Barley grain was steam-rolled to four thicknesses: coarse, medium, medium-flat, and flat. The processing index (PI), measured as volume weight of barley after processing expressed as a percentage of its volume weight before processing, was 81.0, 72.5, 64.0, and 55.5% for the four treatments, respectively. Diets consisted of 53% concentrate (dry matter basis) containing one of the four processed barleys. Cows were offered ad libitum access to a total mixed ration three times daily. Dry matter intake was quadratically increased with decreasing PI, with maximum intake for cows fed medium-flat barley. Although ruminal digestibilities of organic matter, starch, and crude protein were not affected by grain processing, intestinal and total tract digestibilities were linearly increased as PI of barley was reduced. Milk yield was quadratically increased (25.6, 28.1, 30.8, and 29.0 kg/d) with decreasing PI, and maximum milk yield was for cows fed medium-flat barley. Milk fat and lactose contents were similar, but milk protein content was increased with decreasing PI. These results indicate that the optimal extent of barley processing for dairy cows fed diets supplying adequate fiber was medium-flat, corresponding to a processing index of about 64%. Coarsely or flatly rolled barley is not recommended, because extensive processing did not further improve intake of digestible nutrients, and coarsely processed barley resulted in the lowest intake of digestible organic matter; hence, lowest milk production. Processing index is a reliable and practical method to quantitatively measure extent of steam rolling.
Key Words: barley • grain processing • digestibility • dairy cows
Submitted on July 22, 1999
Accepted on October 7, 1999
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. Doepel, A. Cox, and A. Hayirli Effects of increasing amounts of dietary wheat on performance and ruminal fermentation of Holstein cows J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2009; 92(8): 3825 - 3832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Soltani, G. R. Ghorbani, M. Alikhani, A. Samie, and A. Nikkhah Ground versus steam-rolled barley grain for lactating cows: A clarification into conventional beliefs J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2009; 92(7): 3299 - 3305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kowsar, G. R. Ghorbani, M. Alikhani, M. Khorvash, and A. Nikkhah Corn Silage Partially Replacing Short Alfalfa Hay to Optimize Forage Use in Total Mixed Rations for Lactating Cows J Dairy Sci, December 1, 2008; 91(12): 4755 - 4764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Zebeli, J. Dijkstra, M. Tafaj, H. Steingass, B. N. Ametaj, and W. Drochner Modeling the Adequacy of Dietary Fiber in Dairy Cows Based on the Responses of Ruminal pH and Milk Fat Production to Composition of the Diet J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2008; 91(5): 2046 - 2066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. N. Gozho, M. R. Hobin, and T. Mutsvangwa Interactions Between Barley Grain Processing and Source of Supplemental Dietary Fat on Nitrogen Metabolism and Urea-Nitrogen Recycling in Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, January 1, 2008; 91(1): 247 - 259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Foley, A. N. Hristov, A. Melgar, J. K. Ropp, R. P. Etter, S. Zaman, C. W. Hunt, K. Huber, and W. J. Price Effect of barley and its amylopectin content on ruminal fermentation and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2006; 89(11): 4321 - 4335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. L. Bengochea, G. P. Lardy, M. L. Bauer, and S. A. Soto-Navarro Effect of grain processing degree on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and performance characteristics of steers fed medium-concentrate growing diets J Anim Sci, December 1, 2005; 83(12): 2815 - 2825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. W. Bevans, K. A. Beauchemin, K. S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein, J. J. McKinnon, and T. A. McAllister Effect of rapid or gradual grain adaptation on subacute acidosis and feed intake by feedlot cattle J Anim Sci, May 1, 2005; 83(5): 1116 - 1132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-S. Eun, K. A. Beauchemin, S.-H. Hong, and W. Z. Yang Effects of Mechanical Processing on the Nutritive Value of Barley Silage for Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, December 1, 2004; 87(12): 4170 - 4177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Z. Yang and K. A. Beauchemin Grain Processing, Forage-to-Concentrate Ratio, and Forage Length Effects on Ruminal Nitrogen Degradation and Flows of Amino Acids to the Duodenum J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2004; 87(8): 2578 - 2590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Remond, J. I. Cabrera-Estrada, M. Champion, B. Chauveau, R. Coudure, and C. Poncet Effect of Corn Particle Size on Site and Extent of Starch Digestion in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2004; 87(5): 1389 - 1399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, D. Greer, and T. A. McAllister Effects of moisture, roller setting, and saponin-based surfactant on barley processing, ruminal degradation of barley, and growth performance by feedlot steers J Anim Sci, September 1, 2003; 81(9): 2145 - 2154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Beauchemin, W. Z. Yang, D. P. Morgavi, G. R. Ghorbani, W. Kautz, and J. A. Z. Leedle Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbials and yeast on site and extent of digestion, blood chemistry, and subclinical ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle J Anim Sci, June 1, 2003; 81(6): 1628 - 1640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. R. Bowman, K. A. Beauchemin, and J. A. Shelford Fibrolytic Enzymes and Parity Effects on Feeding Behavior, Salivation, and Ruminal pH of Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2003; 86(2): 565 - 575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Beauchemin, W. Z. Yang, and L. M. Rode Effects of Particle Size of Alfalfa-Based Dairy Cow Diets on Chewing Activity, Ruminal Fermentation, and Milk Production J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2003; 86(2): 630 - 643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Kung Jr., M. A. Cohen, L. M. Rode, and R. J. Treacher The Effect of Fibrolytic Enzymes Sprayed onto Forages and Fed in a Total Mixed Ratio to Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2002; 85(9): 2396 - 2402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Z. Yang, K. A. Beauchemin, and L. M. Rode Effects of Particle Size of Alfalfa-Based Dairy Cow Diets on Site and Extent of Digestion J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2002; 85(8): 1958 - 1968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. R. Ghorbani, D. P. Morgavi, K. A. Beauchemin, and J. A. Z. Leedle Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbials on ruminal fermentation, blood variables, and the microbial populations of feedlot cattle J Anim Sci, July 1, 2002; 80(7): 1977 - 1985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
