Anti-Idiotypic Responses of Lactating Cows Immunized with Monoclonal Antibodies Against Bovine Somatotropin

¹ Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
² Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1

The objective of this study was to produce antiidiotypic antibodies with bovine somatotropin (bST)- like activity by active immunization of lactating cows and to determine their effects on milk yield. Several monoclonal antibodies against bST were evaluated for their interaction with bST in a rat growth bioassay. Two bST-agonist monoclonal antibodies (1 and 2), and two bST-antagonist monoclonal antibodies (3 and 4) were selected. Cows were immunized with immunoglobulin G as a control (n = 12) or with one of the four anti-bST monoclonal antibodies (1, 2, 3, 4; n = 12) on d 3, 24, 45, 66, 87, 108, 129, and 150 of lactation. From wk 3 of lactation, all cows immunized with each of the four anti-bST monoclonal antibodies developed anti-idiotypes until wk 30 of lactation. Total lactation yields were not different among monoclonal antibodies 2, 3, and 4 and control cows (9299, 9321, 9733, and 9415 kg, respectively). However, cows immunized with anti-bST monoclonal antibody 1 had reduced lactation yield compared with cows on other treatments (8136 kg). Daily milk yield of cows immunized with monoclonal antibody 1 was decreased from wk 9 of lactation [36.2 vs. 40.9 kg/d (control)] until the end of lactation, concomitantly with decreased bST concentration from wk 9 of lactation. Cows immunized with anti-bST monoclonal antibody 4 had increased milk yield compared with that of controls during wk 3 to 6 and wk 18 to 21 of lactation. Therefore, anti-idiotypes directed against anti-bST 1 had bST-antagonistic effects on lactation performance; anti-idiotypes against anti-bST 4 transiently increased milk yield.

Key Words: bovine somatotropin • milk yield • monoclonal antibody • anti-idiotypes

Submitted on August 27, 1998
Accepted on March 29, 1999