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Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 82 No. 6 1139-1152
© 1999 by American Dairy Science Association ®
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Alleviation of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows with 14-Day Intravenous Infusions of Glucagon

A. R. Hippen 1, P. She 1, J. W. Young 1, D. C. Beitz 1, G. L. Lindberg 1, L. F. Richardson 2, and R. W. Tucker 2

1 Nutritional Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-3150
2 Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140

Twenty multiparous cows were fed additional concentrate during the final 30 d prepartum to cause susceptibility to fatty liver. From 14 to 42 d postpartum, all cows were subjected to a protocol to induce fatty liver and ketosis. To test glucagon as a treatment for fatty liver, either glucagon at 10 mg/d or excipient was infused via the jugular vein from 21 to 35 d postpartum. All cows had fatty liver at 14 d postpartum and became ketonemic and hypoglycemic during the induction of ketosis. Glucagon increased plasma glucose to 142% of that of controls throughout the 14-d treatment. The hypoinsulinemia present in cows with fatty liver was not affected by glucagon. Plasma ß-hydroxybutyrate and nonesterified fatty acids were decreased by glucagon. At 6 d postpartum, liver triacylglycerol averaged 12.9% of liver (wet weight basis). Glucagon had decreased triacylglycerol content of livers by 71% at d 35. Glycogen was 1.0% of the wet weight of livers at 6 d in milk, but it was decreased by glucagon to 0.5% at 2 d after glucagon began. Glycogen then increased in cows treated with glucagon until at 38 d in milk liver glycogen was 3.7% versus 1.6% in controls. Our results document that glucagon decreases the degree of fatty liver in early lactation dairy cows, which also decreases the incidence of ketosis after alleviation of fatty liver.

Key Words: dairy cows • glucagon • fatty liver • ketosis

Submitted on January 9, 1998
Accepted on December 14, 1998




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