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1 Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
2 Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691
3 Valio Ltd., FIN-00039 Helsinki, Finland
We examined the role of trans-octadecenoic acids in milk fat depression when low fiber diets were fed. The study consisted of four experimental periods with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to test the effects of dietary fat (saturated vs. unsaturated) and rumen fermentation (high fiber diets vs. low fiber diets) on milk fat depression. Dietary fiber concentration and type of fat had significant effects on milk fat. Effects were most pronounced when unsaturated fat was added to the low fiber diet. When the low fiber diet plus unsaturated fat was fed, milk fat percentage and yield were decreased by 30 and 35%, respectively, compared with the percentage and yield when the high fiber diet plus saturated fat was fed. Alterations in rumen fermentation caused by differences in dietary fiber concentrations had little effect on the amount of trans-octadecenoic acids in milk fat, and the total amount did not correlate with changes in milk fat percentage. Further examination of the isomeric profile of trans-octadecenoic acid revealed substantial differences among the dietary treatments. Although the addition of unsaturated fat resulted in marked increases in the milk fat content of trans-11-octadecenoic acid, regardless of dietary fiber concentration, the low fiber diet plus unsaturated fat increased the content of trans-10-octadecenoic acid. This combination was also associated with a significant decrease in milk fat content and yield. When the low fiber diets were fed, circulating insulin concentrations were elevated, regardless of the type of fat supplement. However, marked milk fat depression occurred only when the low fiber diet was supplemented with unsaturated fat.
Key Words: trans-octadecenoic acids • insulin • milk fat depression • fat synthesis
Submitted on May 16, 1997
Accepted on December 22, 1997
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S. Viswanadha, J. G. Giesy, T. W. Hanson, and M. A. McGuire Dose Response of Milk Fat to Intravenous Administration of the trans-10, cis-12 Isomer of Conjugated Linoleic Acid J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2003; 86(10): 3229 - 3236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. G. Onetti, R. D. Shaver, S. J. Bertics, and R. R. Grummer Influence of Corn Silage Particle Length on the Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Supplemental Tallow J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2003; 86(9): 2949 - 2957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. A. Whitlock, D. J. Schingoethe, A. R. Hippen, K.F. Kalscheur, and A.A. AbuGhazaleh Milk Production and Composition from Cows Fed High Oil or Conventional Corn at Two Forage Concentrations J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2003; 86(7): 2428 - 2437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. J. Loor and J. H. Herbein Reduced Fatty Acid Synthesis and Desaturation Due to Exogenous trans10, cis12-CLA in Cows Fed Oleic or Linoleic Oil J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2003; 86(4): 1354 - 1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. D. Ruppert, J. K. Drackley, D. R. Bremmer, and J. H. Clark Effects of Tallow in Diets Based on Corn Silage or Alfalfa Silage on Digestion and Nutrient Use by Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2003; 86(2): 593 - 609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. C. Jenkins, V. Fellner, and R. K. McGuffey Monensin by Fat Interactions on Trans Fatty Acids in Cultures of Mixed Ruminal Microorganisms Grown in Continuous Fermentors Fed Corn or Barley J Dairy Sci, January 1, 2003; 86(1): 324 - 330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. K. Duckett, J. G. Andrae, and F. N. Owens Effect of high-oil corn or added corn oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid formation in beef steers fed finishing diets J Anim Sci, December 1, 2002; 80(12): 3353 - 3360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. R. Ipharraguerre, R. R. Ipharraguerre, and J. H. Clark Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Varying Amounts of Soyhulls as a Replacement for Corn Grain J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2002; 85(11): 2905 - 2912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. C. McKusick, D. L. Thomas, J. E. Romero, and P. G. Marnet Effect of Weaning System on Milk Composition and Distribution of Milk Fat within the Udder of East Friesian Dairy Ewes J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2002; 85(10): 2521 - 2528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. M. Roche, E. Noone, C. Sewter, S. Mc Bennett, D. Savage, M. J. Gibney, S. O'Rahilly, and A. J. Vidal-Puig Isomer-Dependent Metabolic Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Insights From Molecular Markers Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-1c and LXR{alpha} Diabetes, July 1, 2002; 51(7): 2037 - 2044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. S. Piperova, J. Sampugna, B. B. Teter, K. F. Kalscheur, M. P. Yurawecz, Y. Ku, K. M. Morehouse, and R. A. Erdman Duodenal and Milk Trans Octadecenoic Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers Indicate that Postabsorptive Synthesis Is the Predominant Source of cis-9-Containing CLA in Lactating Dairy Cows J. Nutr., June 1, 2002; 132(6): 1235 - 1241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. E. Mosley, G. L. Powell, M. B. Riley, and T. C. Jenkins Microbial biohydrogenation of oleic acid to trans isomers in vitro J. Lipid Res., February 1, 2002; 43(2): 290 - 296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. H. Baumgard, J. K. Sangster, and D. E. Bauman Milk Fat Synthesis in Dairy Cows Is Progressively Reduced by Increasing Supplemental Amounts of trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) J. Nutr., June 1, 2001; 131(6): 1764 - 1769. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. L. Ritzenthaler, M. K. McGuire, R. Falen, T. D. Shultz, N. Dasgupta, and M. A. McGuire Estimation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Intake by Written Dietary Assessment Methodologies Underestimates Actual Intake Evaluated by Food Duplicate Methodology J. Nutr., May 1, 2001; 131(5): 1548 - 1554. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. S. Piperova, B. B. Teter, I. Bruckental, J. Sampugna, S. E. Mills, M. P. Yurawecz, J. Fritsche, K. Ku, and R. A. Erdman Mammary Lipogenic Enzyme Activity, trans Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acids Are Altered in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed a Milk Fat-Depressing Diet J. Nutr., October 1, 2000; 130(10): 2568 - 2574. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. M. Griinari, B. A. Corl, S. H. Lacy, P. Y. Chouinard, K. V. V. Nurmela, and D. E. Bauman Conjugated Linoleic Acid Is Synthesized Endogenously in Lactating Dairy Cows by {Delta}9-Desaturase J. Nutr., September 1, 2000; 130(9): 2285 - 2291. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 M. W. Pariza, Y. Park, and M. E. Cook Mechanisms of Action of Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Evidence and Speculation Experimental Biology and Medicine, January 1, 2000; 223(1): 8 - 13. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 L. H. Baumgard, B. A. Corl, D. A. Dwyer, A. Saebo, and D. E. Bauman Identification of the conjugated linoleic acid isomer that inhibits milk fat synthesis Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2000; 278(1): R179 - R184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. E. Santora, D. L. Palmquist, and K. L. Roehrig Trans-Vaccenic Acid Is Desaturated to Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Mice J. Nutr., January 1, 2000; 130(2): 208 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. T. Franklin, K. R. Martin, R. J. Baer, D. J. Schingoethe, and A. R. Hippen Dietary Marine Algae (Schizochytrium sp.) Increases Concentrations of Conjugated Linoleic, Docosahexaenoic and Transvaccenic Acids in Milk of Dairy Cows J. Nutr., November 1, 1999; 129(11): 2048 - 2054. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Y. Chouinard, L. Corneau, D. M. Barbano, L. E. Metzger, and D. E. Bauman Conjugated Linoleic Acids Alter Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Inhibit Milk Fat Secretion in Dairy Cows J. Nutr., August 1, 1999; 129(8): 1579 - 1584. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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