Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue of Cows Fed High Fat Diets During Lactation

¹ Department of Animal Sciences and Graduate Nutrition Program, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6320

The adaptations of fat synthesis in adipose tissue to lactational state, rate of milk production, and dietary fat intake were determined for dairy cows. Lipo-genesis and esterification were determined in cows of average or high genetic merit for milk production and fed either a control TMR of corn silage, alfalfa, and concentrate (2.5% fat; 1.47 Mcal of NE_L/kg); a TMR with whole cottonseeds replacing 12% of the concentrate (4.4% fat; 1.49 Mcal NE_L/kg); or a TMR with 12% cottonseeds and 2.7% of Ca salts of fatty acids (6/0% fat; 1.53 Mcal of NE_L/kg). Dietary treatments began on d 17 of lactation and continued for 288 d. Lipo-genesis and esterification decreased equally from 15 d prepartum to 15 d postpartum in all groups. Cows of high merit had lower rates of lipogenesis and esterification at d 60 than did low merit cows but had higher rates of lipogenesis at d 120. Rates of lipogenesis were decreased by dietary fat treatments. Esterification rates were lowest on the intermediate fat TMR and highest on the highest fat TMR. Lipogenesis was decreased logarithmically by dietary fat intake; this effect was greater as lactation progressed. Adipocyte size and body fat mass decreased during early lactation and then increased for all treatment groups. Supplemental dietary fat reduces de novo synthesis of fatty acid, and this effect increases as lactation progresses.

Key Words: lactation • adipose • dietary fat • lipogenesis

Submitted on June 13, 1994
Accepted on April 21, 1995

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Bernard, M. Bonnet, C. Leroux, K. J. Shingfield, and Y. Chilliard Effect of sunflower-seed oil and linseed oil on tissue lipid metabolism, gene expression, and milk fatty acid secretion in Alpine goats fed maize silage-based diets J Dairy Sci, December 1, 2009; 92(12): 6083 - 6094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. D. Hanigan, C. C. Palliser, and P. Gregorini Altering the representation of hormones and adding consideration of gestational metabolism in a metabolic cow model reduced prediction errors J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2009; 92(10): 5043 - 5056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. J. Thering, D. E. Graugnard, P. Piantoni, and J. J. Loor Adipose tissue lipogenic gene networks due to lipid feeding and milk fat depression in lactating cows J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2009; 92(9): 4290 - 4300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Duske, H. M. Hammon, A.-K. Langhof, O. Bellmann, B. Losand, K. Nurnberg, G. Nurnberg, H. Sauerwein, H. M. Seyfert, and C. C. Metges Metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows fed a diet containing rumen-protected fat during the last twelve weeks of gestation J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2009; 92(4): 1670 - 1684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Lake, T. R. Weston, E. J. Scholljegerdes, C. M. Murrieta, B. M. Alexander, D. C. Rule, G. E. Moss, and B. W. Hess Effects of postpartum dietary fat and body condition score at parturition on plasma, adipose tissue, and milk fatty acid composition of lactating beef cows J Anim Sci, March 1, 2007; 85(3): 717 - 730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Murrieta, B. W. Hess, E. J. Scholljegerdes, T. E. Engle, K. L. Hossner, G. E. Moss, and D. C. Rule Evaluation of milk somatic cells as a source of mRNA for study of lipogenesis in the mammary gland of lactating beef cows supplemented with dietary high-linoleate safflower seeds J Anim Sci, September 1, 2006; 84(9): 2399 - 2405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Lake, E. J. Scholljegerdes, V. Nayigihugu, C. M. Murrieta, R. L. Atkinson, D. C. Rule, T. J. Robinson, and B. W. Hess Effects of body condition score at parturition and postpartum supplemental fat on adipose tissue lipogenic activity of lactating beef cows J Anim Sci, February 1, 2006; 84(2): 397 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Lake, E. J. Scholljegerdes, R. L. Atkinson, V. Nayigihugu, S. I. Paisley, D. C. Rule, G. E. Moss, T. J. Robinson, and B. W. Hess Body condition score at parturition and postpartum supplemental fat effects on cow and calf performance J Anim Sci, December 1, 2005; 83(12): 2908 - 2917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. G. Bergen and H. J. Mersmann Comparative Aspects of Lipid Metabolism: Impact on Contemporary Research and Use of Animal Models J. Nutr., November 1, 2005; 135(11): 2499 - 2502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P. McNamara and F. Valdez Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Production Responses to Calcium Propionate and Chromium Propionate J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2005; 88(7): 2498 - 2507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Gulay, M. J. Hayen, M. Liboni, T. I. Belloso, C. J. Wilcox, and H. H. Head Low Doses of Bovine Somatotropin During the Transition Period and Early Lactation Improves Milk Yield, Efficiency of Production, and Other Physiological Responses of Holstein Cows J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2004; 87(4): 948 - 960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. J. Phillips, T. L. Citron, J. S. Sage, K. A. Cummins, M. J. Cecava, and J. P. McNamara Adaptations in Body Muscle and Fat in Transition Dairy Cattle Fed Differing Amounts of Protein and Methionine Hydroxy Analog J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2003; 86(11): 3634 - 3647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]