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1 Livestock and Poultry Science Institute, US Department of Agriculture, ARS Beltsville, MD 20705, and Department of Animal Sciences University of Maryland, College Park 20742
2 Livestock and Poultry Science Institute, US Department of Agriculture, ARS Beltsville, MD 20705, and Department of Animal Sciences University of Maryland College Park 20742
One hundred-sixteen Holstein heifers (mean BW, 175 kg) were randomly assigned to diets of alfalfa silage or corn silage and were fed to gain approximately 725 or 950 g/d in order to study the influence of prepubertal diet and rate of gain on mammary growth and milk production. Blood was collected before puberty for hormone determination, and 8 heifers per group were killed at puberty for evaluation of tissue variables. Serum growth hormone was reduced, and IGF-I was increased, in the group of heifers reared at a high rate of gain on the corn silage diet. Accompanying the decline in growth hormone, total mammary parenchymal DNA and RNA was reduced in heifers reared at a high rate of gain on the corn silage diet. Mammary parenchyma in heifers of the latter group contained a greater volume of adipocytes and a lower volume of epithelial cells than did mammary parenchyma in heifers of other groups. Data are consistent with previous investigations that showed a deleterious effect of prepubertal rapid weight gain on mammogenesis when accompanied by excess body fat deposition. However, this effect did not cause a decline in subsequent milk production.
Key Words: milk production • mammary gland • mammary growth • puberty
Submitted on March 24, 1995
Accepted on August 7, 1995
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