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Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 77 No. 6 1661-1675
© 1994 by American Dairy Science Association ®
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Interactions of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride on Lactation, Acid-Base Status, and Mineral Concentrations

W. K. Sanchez 1, D. K. Beede 1, and J. A. Cornell 2

1 Dairy Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
2 Department of Statistics, Institute of Food and Agriculture Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611

Objectives were to determine responses to graded dietary concentrations of Na, K, and Cl and to cation-anion difference. The design was a partially balanced incomplete block with 48 cows, four 28-d periods, and 15 treatments. Five concentrations each of Na, K, and Cl, ranging from .31 to .85%, .86 to 1.96%, and .32 to 1.15% respectively, were fed in a TMR based on corn silage. Cation-anion difference (Na + K – Cl) ranged from +12 to +62 meq/100 g of dietary DM. Dry matter intake was affected by interactions between Na and K and between Na and Cl. Yield of 3.5% FCM increased as Na increased (independent of K and Cl concentrations); FCM yield response to dietary K depended on dietary Cl. Milk fat percentage responded quadratically to Na, K, and Cl. Milk fat percentage was maximum at .60% Na, 1.34% K, and .69% Cl. Dry matter intake, BW gain, and blood partial pressure of CO2 responded in a cubic fashion; FCM yield, milk protein percentage, and blood HCO3 concentrations responded quadratically; and blood base excess increased linearly with increasing cation-anion difference. Based on regression models, 3.5% FCM yield and DMI were highest when the cation-anion difference was between +30 and +50. These results indicate that interrelationships among Na, K, and Cl were abundant and were related to blood acid-base status and mineral element concentrations.

Key Words: sodium • potassium • chloride • cation-anion difference

Submitted on September 7, 1993
Accepted on February 11, 1994




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