The Role of Biological Response Modifiers in Disease Control

¹ Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W0
² Department of Veterinary Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802-3500

Immune responses to infectious agents involve a complex set of interactions between cells and the factors they produce that culminate with disease resolution or death. Therefore, the manipulation of the immune system may have a great impact on the preservation and restoration of animal health. Biological response modifiers are agents that modify the host's response to pathogens with resultant beneficial prophylactic or therapeutic effects. The best known example of biological response modifiers are vaccines, by which administration of a nonpathogenic form of a microorganism prepares the immune system to produce a more effective response upon subsequent infection with the pathogenic form. Nevertheless, the use of biological response modifiers other than vaccines that enhance the immune response is now the focus of many investigations. In this review, a brief overview of the immune system is presented, and special emphasis is placed on possible areas of intervention with biological response modifiers and a description of the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of biological response modifiers. Specific examples are presented to demonstrate examples of disease modification by biological response modifiers through stimulation of nonspecific and antigen specific immunities.

Key Words: biological response modifiers • cytokines • immunomodulation

Submitted on August 10, 1992
Accepted on October 13, 1992

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