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Variation in Composition of By-Product Feeds¹

University of Missouri, Columbia 65211

ABSTRACT

Variation in nutrient concentrations was determined for corn gluten feed, rice bran, soybean hulls, distillers dried grains, and whole cottonseed. Samples of the first four were taken over 10 d of processing; 10 samples of whole cottonseeds were taken representing harvesting date. Coefficients of variation for NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, total protein, insoluble protein, and in vitro digestibility were from 1 to 14%, with most at 5% or less; coefficients of variation were generally higher for other nutrients. Fiber, protein, and mineral concentration of by-product feeds in this study did not agree well with earlier data, suggesting that processing methods may vary with time.

Most by-product feeds had rapidly digestible cell wall and small undigestible residues, suggesting that they fit well into dairy cow diets. Published net energy values for these by-product feeds varied from reference to reference and are suspect because of interactions with different feed ingredients and with level of intake. Our practical experience indicates that NE₁ values listed in the 1978 edition of the National Research Council Nutrient Requirements for Dairy Cattle are most consistent with production responses on our university and commercial farms. Diets incorporating by-product feeds should be evaluated carefully to avoid mineral imbalances and to maintain protein quality. Use of book values for balancing diets containing significant quantities of by-product feeds could lead to nutritional problems and testing should be encouraged.

¹ Contribution of the Agriculture Experiment Station. Approved by the Director. Journal Series Number 10684.

² Department of Animal Science.

³ Livestock Nutrition Laboratory Service, PO Box 1655, Columbia 65205.

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