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Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California, Tulare 93274 and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
ABSTRACT
A chart for body condition scoring of freely moving Holstein dairy cows was developed using an iterative process consisting of literature review, interviews with experts, field testing, statistical analysis, and comments from chart users. The chart consists of text and diagrams that detail changes in conformation with body condition change for eight body locations identified as important in body condition scoring. The precision with which a prototype chart was used to give location specific condition scores to cows was examined, and the variability among the assessors described. This chart gave consistent results with small variability among assessors, no significant difference attributable to experience of assessors, and no significant cow assessor interaction.
Minor modifications were made to the chart, which was then used to assess location specific and overall body condition scores. Assessors scored cows in the eight body locations and rescored the cows in a different order to assign an overall score. The chart produced consistent scores over a wide range of body conditions with small variance among assessors. The overall score was most closely related to the condition scores of the pelvic and tailhead areas of the cow. Both location specific scores within cows and the overall body score for a cow were strongly correlated, demonstrating that the chart was internally consistent. The chart is an effective field tool for body condition scoring Holstein cows.
1 Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA 93274.
3 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Davis, CA 95616.
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S. K. Tallam, T. F. Duffield, K. E. Leslie, R. Bagg, P. Dick, G. Vessie, and J. S. Walton Ovarian Follicular Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows Supplemented with Monensin J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2003; 86(11): 3498 - 3507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Calberry, J. C. Plaizier, M. S. Einarson, and B. W. McBride Effects of Replacing Chopped Alfalfa Hay with Alfalfa Silage in a Total Mixed Ration on Production and Rumen Conditions of Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2003; 86(11): 3611 - 3619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. N. Kadarmideen and S. Wegmann Genetic Parameters for Body Condition Score and its Relationship with Type and Production Traits in Swiss Holsteins J Dairy Sci, November 1, 2003; 86(11): 3685 - 3693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Bobe, B. N. Ametaj, J. W. Young, and D. C. Beitz Potential Treatment of Fatty Liver with 14-Day Subcutaneous Injections of Glucagon J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2003; 86(10): 3138 - 3147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Reist, D. Erdin, D. von Euw, K. Tschuemperlin, H. Leuenberger, C. Delavaud, Y. Chilliard, H. M. Hammon, N. Kuenzi, and J. W. Blum Concentrate Feeding Strategy in Lactating Dairy Cows: Metabolic and Endocrine Changes with Emphasis on Leptin J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2003; 86(5): 1690 - 1706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. T. Westwood, I. J. Lean, and J. K. Garvin Factors Influencing Fertility of Holstein Dairy Cows: A Multivariate Description J Dairy Sci, December 1, 2002; 85(12): 3225 - 3237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Hayirli, R. R. Grummer, E. V. Nordheim, and P. M. Crump Animal and Dietary Factors Affecting Feed Intake During the Prefresh Transition Period in Holsteins J Dairy Sci, December 1, 2002; 85(12): 3430 - 3443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. K. Bernard, J. W. West, and D. S. Trammell Effect of Replacing Corn Silage with Annual Ryegrass Silage on Nutrient Digestibility, Intake, and Milk Yield for Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2002; 85(9): 2277 - 2282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. C. Cordoba and P. M. Fricke Initiation of the Breeding Season in a Grazing-Based Dairy by Synchronization of Ovulation J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2002; 85(7): 1752 - 1763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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