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Ammonium Chloride and Ammonium Sulfate for Prevention of Parturient Paresis in Dairy Cows¹

College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523

ABSTRACT

Forty-eight Holstein cows with two or more previous lactations and no history of parturient paresis were randomly assigned to one of four prepartum diets in a 2 x 2 factorial design to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with ammonium salts and Ca intake on serum Ca concentrations at calving. Four diets provided either 53 g total dietary Ca/d or 105 g Ca/d and were either supplemented with ammonium salts [100 g/d each of NH₄Cl and (NH₄)₂SO₄] or unsupplemented. Anion-cation balance of the diets, calculated as milliequivalents (Na + K) – (Cl + S), was –75 meq/kg DM with ammonium salts and +189 meq/kg DM without ammonium salts. Experimental diets were fed from 21 d prior to expected parturition until calving. Calcium intake during the feeding period did not affect the incidence of parturient paresis or serum concentrations of ionized Ca at calving. The incidence of parturient paresis was 4% with and 17% without the ammonium salts. Cows fed diets containing ammonium salts had higher serum ionized and total Ca concentrations at parturition. Serum concentrations of Mg, P, Na, K, and Cl on the day of parturition were unaffected by dietary treatment.

¹ Research was funded through the Colorado State University Experiment Station, Fund Number 156261.

² Department of Clinical Sciences.

³ Department of Pathology.

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