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Potential Bias in Genetic Evaluations from Differences in Variation Within Herds

Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061

ABSTRACT

Evidence is reviewed that indicates substantial differences among herds in variation for production traits in dairy cattle. Examples are given to illustrate the overevaluation and selection of higher proportions of individuals from more variable herds, which reduces response to selection if greater variability is not due in part to greater additive genetic variance. Differences in heritability according to herd mean and variance are examined. Potential bias is substantial in genetic evaluations of cows and may increase over generations where, if the model is realistic, evaluations of dams are used in evaluations of daughters. Possible methods of adjustment are discussed.

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