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Ruminal Nitrogen Metabolism in Steers as Affected by Feed Intake and Dietary Urea Concentration

University of Illinois, Urbana 61801

ABSTRACT

Four multiple-cannulated steers (340 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Steers were fed a diet of 50% ground hay and 50% concentrate at two intakes (1.4 and 2.1% of BW), with urea and ¹⁵N-enriched ammonium sulfate infused continuously into the rumen at .4 or 1.2% of diet DM. Ratios of purines and diaminopimelic acid-N to N in fluid-associated and particulate-associated bacteria and in protozoa were similar among treatments but were lower for protozoa than for bacteria. Diaminopimelic acid-N:N was higher for fluid-associated vs. particulate-associated bacteria. Enrichment of ¹⁵N was similar between bacteria among treatments and was 30% lower for protozoa. Turnover rates of ¹⁵N in bacteria, NH₃N, and non-NH₃N pools were faster for steers infused with 1.2 than those infused with .4% urea, indicating less efficient usage of ammonia with higher urea. A method is described to estimate the proportion of duodenal nitrogen comprising bacterial and protozoal nitrogen.

¹ Department of Animal Sciences.

² Department of Agronomy.