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Morphological Alterations of Small Intestinal Epithelium of Calves Caused by Feeding Soybean Protein¹

Departments of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 and University of Arizona, Tucson 85715

ABSTRACT

Sixteen male Holstein calves were fed milk replacer (14% solids) containing 23% crude protein from: a) 100% milk protein; or b) 66% soybean protein concentrate plus 34% milk protein as the only nutrients at 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12, and 12% body weight from 1 to 7 wk of age, respectively. Eight calves were sensitized to soybean by feeding 66% soybean protein concentrate plus 34% milk protein for 21 d and eight were not sensitized by feeding 100% milk protein. Afterward, each calf received one of the diets for 10 d followed by the other diet for an additional 10 d. During the 2nd wk of the initial period each calf was surgically fitted with a duodenal cannula for biopsy of intestinal mucosa. Biopsies were taken at surgery and on the last day of each period. Feeding 66% soybean protein concentrate plus 34% milk protein resulted in lower body weight gain, decreased feed efficiency, higher rectal temperatures, increased diarrhea, and villus atrophy. Diminished villi size supports other studies reporting allergic reaction to soybean protein and was associated with the poor performance observed in calves fed soybean protein.

¹ Published with approval of the Directors of the Michigan and Arizona Agricultural Experiment Stations as Journal Article Numbers 11732 and 4203, respectively.

² EMBRAPA-DPP, EDIFICIO VENANCIO 2000, Caixa Postal 04315, 70312 Brasilia-DF, Brazil.

³ Department of Animal Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.

⁴ Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.

⁵ Land O'Lakes, Inc., Research Farm, R.R. 2, Webster City, IA 50595.

⁶ Department of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.

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