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Observation on the Use of 1-Hydroxyvitamin D₃ in the Prevention of Bovine Parturient Paresis: The Effect of a Single Injection on Plasma 1-Hydroxyvitamin D₃, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃, Calcium, and Hydroxyproline¹

Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel

ABSTRACT

Israeli Friesian cows in the third or later lactation, were injected intra-muscularly with 1-hydroxyvitamin D₃ in propylene glycol.

Plasma 1-hydroxyvitamm D₃ peaked 24 to 48 h after 700 µg of the drug was injected and decreased to the initial concentration 4 d later. The disappearance rate of 1-hydroxyvitamin D₃ from the blood was .330 d^–1 (biological half-life of 2.1 d). Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ peaked 24 to 48 h after the injection and approached the initial concentration 5 to 7 d later. Plasma calcium increased within 24 h, reached a plateau at 4 to 6 d, and then decreased. Administration of 700 µg 1-hydroxyvitamin D₃ resulted in higher plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and calcium concentrations than when 350 µg of the drug was injected, 1-Hydroxyvitamin D₃ did not affect plasma hydroxyproline.

The injection of 700 µg 1-hydroxyvitamin D₃ 52 to 36 h before parturition resulted in a greater increase in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ than that obtained with 350 µg. In both groups 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ peaked 24 h after injection, as opposed to the controls, which peaked 72 h postpartum. At parturition, the 700-µg dose resulted in a slight hypercalcemia; the 350-µg dose moderated the hypocalcemia prevalent during this period, whereas in controls hypocalcemia was more pronounced. In cows injected with 700 µg, hypercalcemia was observed until the 15th d postpartum. Plasma hydroxyproline was elevated in all cows 48 to 72 h after parturition, but the increase was smaller in animals injected with 1-hydroxyvitamin 03.

Results suggest that for prevention of bovine parturient paresis a single injection of 700 µg 1-hydroxyvitamin D₃ may be more effective than 350 µg. The potential danger of delayed milk fever, as a result of extended hypercalcemia, has still to be evaluated.

¹ Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No. 1234-E, 1984 series. This research was supported by grants from the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD 352-81) and by Teva Ltd., Israel.

² "Haklait", Veterinary Clinical Services, Netanya, Israel.