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Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 67 No. 10 2321-2335
© 1984 by American Dairy Science Association ®
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Nutritional Chloride Deficiency in Early Lactation Holstein Cows

M. J. Fettman1, L. E. Chase, J. Bentinck-Smith2, C. E. Coppock3 and S. A. Zinn4

Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

ABSTRACT

Beginning 1 wk postpartum, weekly changes of feed and water intake, body weight, milk production, and electrolyte concentrations in serum, saliva, urine, milk, and feces were observed for 8 to 11 wk. Three dietary treatments differing in sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate supplementation but containing equal sodium concentrations were used. Dietary chloride percents were low .10%, medium .27%, and high .45%. Consistently changes were significant for feed and water intake, body weight, milk production, and electrolyte concentrations in serum, urine, milk, and feces of cows fed the low chloride diet. By wk 8, body weight had declined from 575.0 ± 56.7 to 476.7 ± 54.3 kg, and daily milk production decreased from a peak of 27.7 ± 2.4 to 19.2 ± 3.9 kg for cows fed the low chloride diet. Serum chloride decreased from 106.0 – 2.8 to 75.5 ± 6.7 meq/liter during the same time. Cows on the low chloride diet developed clinical signs of a deficiency characterized by depraved appetite, lethargy, hypophagia, emaciation, hypogalactiae, constipation, and cardiovascular depression. Metabolic alterations could be summarized as a severe primary hypochloremic, secondary hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis.

FOOTNOTES

1 Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.

2 Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine.

3 Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.

4 Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.






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