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In Vitro Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Ketogenesis as Affected by Prolonged Ketonemia-Glucosuria and Fasting in Steers¹

Nutritional Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011

ABSTRACT

Both 1,3-butanediol, which causes ketonemia, and phlorizin, which causes glucosuria, were given to four steers for 28 days to determine effects of prolonged ketonemia and glucosuria on in vitro hepatic gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. Treatments were: control ration; control with butanediol plus phlorizin; and fasting for 9 days. Liver slices, obtained by biopsy, were incubated with carbon-14 substrates. Substrate converted to glucose [µmol/(h x g liver)] during control, butanediol plus phlorizin, and fasting averaged 2.34, 7.21, and 12.00 for propionate; .99, 3.80, and 12.26 for lactate; .30, .76, and 2.20 for alanine; and 2.06, 5.37, and 5.78 for glycerol. Omission of calcium eliminated increases of gluconeogenesis caused by butanediol plus phlorizin and by fasting. Ketone bodies, octanoate, and bovine serum albumin did not affect glucose production markedly. Stearate inhibited gluconeogenesis during all periods except fasting. Production of ß-hydroxybutyrate [µmol/(h x g liver)] during control, butanediol plus phlorizin, and fasting averaged 2.07, 4.27, and 3.25 from butyrate and .06, .27, and .02 from palmitate. Results demonstrate that the gluconeogenic capacity of bovine liver is responsive to physiological and nutritional status.

¹ Journal Paper No. J-11128 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames. Projects No. 2350 and 2389. This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture under Agreement No. SEA-CR 901-15-160. A preliminary report was presented at the 1983 Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Assoc, University of Wisconsin [J. Dairy Sci., 66(Suppl. l).-220 (Abstr.)]. The research represents part of a dissertation presented to Iowa State University by R. R. Lyle to fulfill partly requirements for the Ph.D. degree.

² Ralston Purina Co., Beef artd Sheep Research —2AP, Checkerboard Square, St. Louis, MO 63164.

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