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Effect of Aflatoxin B₁ and Major Metabolites on Phytohemeagglutinin-Stimulated Lymphoblastogenesis of Bovine Lymphocytes¹

Department of Dairy Science Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631

ABSTRACT

Effects of aflatoxin B₁ and three of its metabolites on cellular immune response were assessed with an assay based on inhibition of tritiated thymidine uptake by phytohemeagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes. In this in vitro system aflatoxin B₁ and aflatoxin Q₁ were strongly inhibitory (more than 50% inhibition) at concentrations of 10 µ/ml, whereas aflatoxicol and aflatoxin B₂ exhibited little inhibition at 10 µ/ml and only 45 to 50% inhibition at 25 µ/ml.

Contrasts with single degrees of freedom and orthogonal polynomial analysis revealed that the pair of aflatoxin B₁ and aflatoxin Q₁ differed linearly and quadratically from the pair of aflatoxin B₂ and aflatoxicol, but within each pair there were no differences.

Limited data with aflatoxin M₁ revealed that it was slightly more active than aflatoxicol in the assay, but minimal replication prevented rigorous statistical testing.

It may be theorized that the moderate to strong inhibition of blastogenesis by aflatoxin B₁ and its metabolites could inhibit T lymphocyte functions, such as killer, helper, effector, or other immune processes, and thus compromise the immunological surveillance mechanism.

¹ Technical Contribution No. 2145 published with the approval of the Director of the S. C. Agricultural Experiment Station.

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