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Relation of Growth Temperature to Fatty Acid Composition of Propionibacterium Strains¹

Department of Food Technology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011

ABSTRACT

The ability of 101 strains of Propionibacterium to grow at 4.5°C in broth culture was measured. Three strains that grew at 4.5°C, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii strains P8, P22, and P33, and three strains that did not grow at 4.5°C, Propionibacterium jensenii strains P25 and P41 and Propionibacterium acidi-propionici strain P50, were grown individually in batch culture to early stationary phase at 10 and 32°C. Their fatty acids were extracted directly from whole cells by potassium hydroxide digestion and examined as methyl esters by capillary gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Percentages of fatty acids were compared at the two growth temperatures. The most abundant acids in both groups were iso- and anteiso-15:0 fatty acids. The fatty acids of the strains that grew at 4.5°C were 38 to 64% anteiso-15:0 and 2 to 10% iso-15:0, whereas the strains that would not grow at 4.5°C contained 25 to 46% of anteiso-15:0 and 14 to 42% of iso-15:0. Both groups tended to increase the proportion of branched chain fatty acids and decrease saturated straight-chain fatty acids at 10°C compared with 32°C. The difference of fatty acid composition between the two groups may be species-related. The change of fatty acid composition with a change of growth temperature frequently was not large, indicating that strains able to grow at low temperature possess a fatty acid composition consistent with this trait rather than possessing the ability to adjust fatty acid composition greatly with a change of growth temperature.

¹ Journal Paper No. J-10753 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA 50011. Project No. 2487.

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